Impact of Technology on Business free essay sample

Impact of Technology On Business Q) What is the impact of technology on business? Explain with the suitable example of financial service sector. Ans) Introduction Technology affects almost every aspect of our lives. Just look around you and youll see how wired we are. Thanks to the Internet, virtually anything you desire can be delivered to your door in a matter of days. You can even trade stocks or file taxes online. But as much as our personal lives have changed, the business world has revolutionized almost beyond recognition in the past few decades. Technology and the advances in communication and information technology have changed the face and the pace of business. As communication and information travels faster and faster, the world seems smaller and smaller, and this has large implications for the way we conduct business. Storing important in files on a computer rather than in drawers, for instance, has made information easily accessible. We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of Technology on Business or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Using e-mail allows businesses to communicate and send these files quickly to remote locations outside of an office. Wireless Internet, Video Conferencing and BlackBerries have made it easy to work from home or for that matter, from the beach. The fact that its easy to work from the home compels people to do so. In this way, technology has made life easier. So, exactly how has technology changed the way we do business? In countless ways, but well highlight the major ones as under. Effects of Technology on Business Businesses have been at the forefront of technology for ages. Whatever can speed production will draw in more business. As computers emerged in the 20th century, they promised a new age of information technology. But in order to reap the benefits, businesses needed to adapt and change their infrastructure.

Political parties goal and interest group goals essays

Political parties goal and interest group goals essays One of the Democrats goals is to support abortion rights as a fundamental constitutional liberty for all women. Second, they also oppose eliminating the affirmative action program. Third, they support balancing the budget by 2012. Furthermore, the Demarcate party endorses more charter school and more public school choices. However they do not support issuing vouchers for private school. Therefore, The National Education Association (NEA) interest group does have the same goals as the Demarcate party because they think that voucher would not help the Public School system. The NEA is supporting other programs like smaller class size of 15 students. On environmental issues the Democrats supports tax credits to preserve open spaces and create parks and to improve water quality. The Greenpeace an independent campaigning organization is suggestion that action is taken regarding genetically engineered food. I think this interest groups listed about try to influence public policy as a w ay to protect or advance their groups issues. I think sometimes their issues are to intense or to narrow to really impact all citizens. The Republican goal is to oppose abortion rights because the unborn child has a fundamental individual right to life. They also feel that affirmative would be achieving equality on the job by stressing equal opportunity without quotas or other preferential treatment. They support a constitutional amendment to require a balance budget. On education would like parents to take a share of federal education money to a school of their choice. The American Federation of Teachers (AFT) also supports focuses on academic achievement, student behavior and smaller classes. So the Republican get little support from educational interest group whose common causes is listed above. On the environmental issues the Republican would allow oil exploration in Alaska's Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. So his support from Sierra Club grassr ...

Choose a global business and critically analyse the organisational Essay

Choose a global business and critically analyse the organisational structure adopted by the company since 2008. Investigate the - Essay Example Some of the key products of the company are pointer telegraph, electric train, electron microscope, automation system, the most powerful gas turbine of the world as well as cardiac pacemaker. Siemens has been named the largest electronics company in the Europe by Bloomberg (Thiel, 2007). Strong labour resource acts as one of the major strengths for the company and it heavily depends on its workforce. The structure of the organization has undergone a major change in the last decade. Initially, the company was segmented into five primary divisions, such as Industry, Energy, Infrastructure and Cities, Healthcare and Siemens Financial Services (SFS) (Siemens, 2013b). All these divisions were administered by the CEO of the company. Each of the primary divisions has a large number of subsidiaries operating in nearly 190 countries in the world, both developed nations and underdeveloped nations. The global presence of the company is the basis of its competitiveness in the industry (Siemens, 2013c). Siemens has maintained organizational value on the grounds of quality standard of the products offered by the company, technological excellence of the production process, reliability and trust on the employees and its undeviating focus on international expansion. With expansion of business organizational structure had become complex due to long hierarchies and large number of corporate units under each of the five segments of the company. In the last decade, the company has come across a rough business terrain. During 2007 Siemens was accused of a huge bribery case. Corruption was rooted deep into the transactions of the company. This has given rise to considerable public scrutiny on the company and drew the company into controversies. It hampered the smooth functioning of the company which led the organizational leaders to adopt a major structural change in the organization. The new organizational structure has been aimed at making the organizational framework lean and flex ible. This paper presents a detailed study of the new organizational structure of the company and the positive and negative impacts this change has cast on the company’s strategic management, its corporate culture and functional aspects. Methodology This paper looks into the effects of organizational structural change on the management of the company and its long term performance. The study has focussed on the structural change made by Germany based multinational Siemens. This is a qualitative study made on information collected through review of existing literature as well as information available on company website. Only secondary sources of information have been used for this study. Sources of information include books, articles published in journals and working papers and online sources of information. The changes made in the organizational structure have been presented at first followed by the investigation of positive and negative aspects of these changes on different f actors affecting organizational performance. Main Findings Siemens has brought about major changes in the company and has adopted an altogether new structure. The management of the company has decided to maintain prime focus on three sectors. These are the industrial sector, the energy sector and the healthcare sector (Siemens, 2007). The company aims at staying close to the customers and acknowledge customers’ feedback at all levels of decision making of the company. The strategy focuses on

Knowledge Representation - The true value of knowledge in an Essay

Knowledge Representation - The true value of knowledge in an organisation - Essay Example Learning as well as knowledge has been found to go together along with complimenting each other. It has also been learnt to involve numerous years for the comparatively developed nations to make approaches from agricultural form to knowledge-motivated and finally to industrial economies. This particular transformation is believed to keep constantly provoking the organizations towards enhanced performance (Benett & Benett, 2004). The notion of knowledge management was learnt to be quite fresh during the previous decade which resulted in creating significant degree of apprehension and enthusiasm. The subject of knowledge management also attracted noteworthy amount of attention and acknowledgment for its related prospective with regard to manipulate the freshly identified positive feature in terms of knowledge which in its course is believed to elevate the degree of effectiveness of the organizations. A definite notion was also deciphered during the century that organizations were competent of enhancing their proficiencies with the help of learning which was further observed as quite likely to lead towards dexterity as well as gaining enhanced competitive advantages (Benett & Benett, 2004). . From a similar perspective, this paper will intend to assess the significance of knowledge management in organizations with reference to its related strategies. This paper will also intend to focus on the imperativeness of knowledge management in organizations and the various strategies in relation to knowledge management. The idea of knowledge management is still regarded as a fresh field and thus, a noteworthy degree of learning in the way of trial and error is yet constantly taking place. However, knowledge management has been observed to emerge victorious in structuring quite an imperative number of processes that have proved to be successful and ascertained its worth in relation to quite a number of firms as they still keep exerting

Electronic Recruiting System Description Assignment

Electronic Recruiting System Description - Assignment Example EmployDIVERSITY, Inc. offer employers the job posting prices for members and non-members. A single job posting which will go online for 30 days is charged with $75.00. The company, however, offers more affordable packages for five or 10 or more job postings which charge recruiters $60.00 and $50.00 respectively for a one-month posting service (â€Å"Job Posting Rates,† n.d.). Basic and Plus membership plans, moreover, are offered for $199.00 and $499.00 per quarter accordingly with services like free 10 to unlimited jobs postings in the duration of four months as well as unlimited resume bank access, unlimited resume search agents, free corporate profile and a link to a corporate web site with specified user access for each (â€Å"Job Posting Rates,† n.d.). The site of JobMonkey, Inc., on the other hand, turns out to be more affordable for employers as it costs $5.00 less than the first company’s price and for a duration twice longer as the first while four and six-month-period single job postings are given for $117.00 and $156.00 respectively (â€Å"Post a Job,† n.d.). Additionally and on the contrary to the first, JobMonkey, Inc. offer non-standardized packages that are designed specifically to suit the individual company’s needs. Setting up of a company profile, banner advertising, and access to job seeker database services are also offered and for specified fees. Featured employer listing service which will be posted on their Featured Employer section which will be charged with a $300, $500, and $700-rate for a three, six and 12-month service period is also considerably advertised as the feature is seen to increase job seeker visits to the company’s employment webpage and thus, faster recruitment process (â€Å"Post a Job,† n.d.).

The Relationship Between Mental Illness and Crime

The Relationship Between Mental Illness and Crime The relationship between mental illness and violence has long been a subject of debate and a general course of concern within the mental health profession, the public, correctional systems, and the criminal justice systems. As a result this has led to an increase in research being focused on the reasons why mentally ill people commit crimes. Debate about the need for, the nature of and care of people with mental illness is based on the idea that most of the individuals with mental illnesses are more likely to commit criminal and violent behaviors to themselves, their close family members, close friends and the public than those without mental illnesses, largely due to their state of mind. The relationship between mental disorder and violent acts cannot be exaggerated. Some researchers state that violence is linked to psychosis and that people who have mental illness also fall into the category and should reflect that connection (Lidz, Banks, Simon, Schubert and Mulvey, 2007). Some other researchers state that substance abuse accelerates violent acts among people with mental disorder (Lurigio and Harris, 2009). After a survey of researches the main question lies thus; what is the relationship between mental disorder and violence? How can you connect the dots between mental disorder and violent acts? In this paper, I shall review certain researches that buttress their points about the relationship between mental disorder and violence and after this, I shall also state researches that disagree with the idea that individuals with mental disorders engage in violent acts. I shall then put into consideration the Canadian Law in response to this issue. Then I shall draw a conclusion stating the relationship, if any, between individuals with mental disorder and violence or in the absence of any relationship state the need for further research. SUBSTANCE ABUSE, MENTAL DISORDER AND VIOLENCE. During the past decade, several researches have examined people with mental disorder and their participation in violence in order to see if there is any relationship. Out of all these, substance and alcohol abuse in relationship to mentally ill patients and their participation in crime have appeared to be pre-eminent. For example Lurigio and Harris (2009) proposed that substance abuse was a precondition for assaultive and violent acts among people with mental disorder; unemployment, perceived threats and past violent factors accelerated acts among people who were mentally ill. Although Felthous et al (2009) agrees with this relationship, they argue that in measuring the relationship between mental disorder and violence the nature of aggression should be put into consideration. In a study by Livingston et al (2003), carried out on individuals charged with the NCRMD in British Columbia, it was stated that 21.0% of their cohorts had previously committed an offence while under the influence of alcohol or non-prescription drugs. Furthermore, studies have shown that the association between mental illness and violence is often reduced or eliminated when substance and alcohol abuse is actually taken into account (Silver et al, 2008). If substance and alcohol abuse were the pre-determinants of violent beha vior among mentally ill patients, does it mean that the eviction of these two factors would reduce crime? Reports state that lifetime prevalence of severe domestic violence among mentally disordered patients ranged from 30%- 60% with higher rates reported for women than men in most studies (Howard et al, 2010). Felthous et al (2009) tells us to consider patients who act violently in response to commanding hallucinations and congruent delusions; this tells us that substance abuse may not always be a pre-determinant factor. PSYCHOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS, MENTAL DISORDER AND VIOLENCE The importance of psychological symptoms in explaining the criminal and violent behavior among individuals with mental disorder and their participation is an issue of major experimental complexity. Research has been conducted on the general population, incarcerated offenders, psychiatric patients and a cohort of new born babies. Yet these researches are still subject to questioning. A body of research has taken a stance that psychological symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, medication compliance and treatment adherence are predictors of violence among people with mental disorder (Teasdale, 2009). Teasdale (2009) took into consideration the psychological factors, recent findings consider the gender nature of coping with delusional beliefs and that women and men may respond differently to the experience of psychopathological symptomatology and this may affect their participation in violent acts (Teasdale, Silver and Monahan, 2006). However in a retrospective longitudinal study conducted on prisoners convicted on the count of mental illness, Silver et al (2008) disagreed with the above analysis stating that alcohol and drug use are particularly important control variables because of their strong association with violence and mental illness. In analyzing the role of psychological symptoms in determining violence among individuals with mental disorder, John M.W Bradford (2008) identifies comorbidity as a common factor in the association between mental disorders and violence and proposed that there is a significant possibility of reducing the levels of violence by improved risk assessment and treatment intervention. Also in a research of 282 male patients with schizophrenia and 261 male patients with affective disorders, Modestin and Wuermle (2005) found that 34% out of 282 patients with schizophrenia and 42% out of 261 patients with affective disorder had a criminal record and more than half of a total of 543 patients (52%) had co-occurring substance abuse. They concluded that individuals with schizophrenia without comorbid substance abuse were at an increased risk of violent criminality than their affective disorder counterparts who had a greater probability of committing property offenses; this suggests that there is a menial link between psychopathology, mental illness and violence. Research on the effects of specific psychotic symptoms has also yielded opaque findings, for example in examining the role command hallucinations have to play in the violent acts of mentally disordered people, studies have shown that it does not generally predict violence, but that auditory hallucinations involving command of violent acts increased the likelihood of violence (Frank Sirotich, 2008). However the need for further research is needed in this field to unwrap the role psychological symptoms have to play in crime ( Bradford, 2008). HISTORICAL, SOCIOECONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS, MENTAL DISORDER AND CRIME In considering the effect of historical factors such as parental violence, parental crime, delinquency in prior to adulthood has to play on crime, Frank Sirotich (2008) stated that a history of delinquency prior adulthood has been found to be a significant factor in relation to violence and criminality. After reviewing the samples of mentally disordered individuals, he said that among mentally disordered people, juvenile delinquency, early arrests and young age at index offense have been found to be robust predictors of criminality and violence among mentally disordered people. ÃÆ'-ncà ¼ et al (2007) conducted a study in the psychiatric unit of a general hospital in Turkey to array the effects socioeconomic and demographic factors have to play in the violence of psychotic patients. The study included 70 male psychotic patients (excluding delusional and shared psychotic disorder) that were hospitalized in a forensic psychiatry unit for compulsory treatment and was compared to 70 mal e patients (also treated at the acute clinics of the same hospital) with a psychotic disorder but without a criminal history. They found out that independent of having a job, having social security that provides treatment opportunity, using their parents security or getting pay by the government, protects the patient from committing a crime; social security that provides treatment is an independent protective factor against committing a crime among people with mental illness. In analysing the reason for recidivism rates among incarcerated mentally disordered offenders Sirotich Frank (2008) found that parental crime was found to be related to violent recidivism among mentally disordered offenders and to self-reported violence among psychiatric patients discharged from hospitals. Also a study sample carried out on 145 male and female psychiatric patients showed that out of all the 145 patients, after a follow-up was done, 31 were stable, 67 were hospitalized and only 47 were arrested, out of the arrested, 37 had a history of violence (Yates et al, 2009). In a study done by Livingston et al (2003) on individuals with mental disorder and their history violence, it was shown 63% of their cohorts were involved with the justice system prior to their NCRMD adjudication, 33.8% had 1 to 4 convictions, 13.8% had 5 to 9 convictions, and 15.4% were convicted of 10 or more offences. This shows that having a history of violence also accelerates crime among people with m ental disorder. However the need to show the relationship between historical, socioeconomic and demographic factors in relationship to mental disorder and crime is still open for further research, as research carried on it proposes an ambiguous result. CANADIAN LAW AND NOT CRIMINALLY RESPONSIBLE ON ACCOUNT OF MENTAL DISORDER (NCRMD) As reinstated in this paper, people who have mental disorder are not criminally responsible for their crimes as they are suffering from mental illness. But how does the Canadian Law address this? The Criminal Code (NCRMD) pertaining to the crimes of the mentally disordered was an amendment to the law NGRI (Not Guilty By Reason Of Insanity) reasons were because the NGRI was in violation of Sections 7 and 9 of the Canadian Charter Rights of Freedoms. Now under Section 16(1) of the Criminal Code, offenders are now considered to be not criminally responsible than not guilty (Livingston et al, 2003). In the Canadian criminal laws and practice, the issue of mental disorder can be raised prior to trial if there are doubts about the defendants fitness to stand trial or criminal responsibility. There is a 5-day limit placed by the Criminal Code on assessment orders unless the litigant and the defendant agree to a period of no more than 30 days. According to Section 16(1) of the Criminal Code 3 of Canada, (Roesch et al, 1997) Every person is presumed not to suffer from a mental disorder . . . until the contrary is proved on the balance of probabilities(Roesch et al, 1997 p.510) For the NCRMD charge to be accepted as a defence the accused has to have committed the act and at the time of commission, be suffering from a mental disorder which makes it incapable for the offender to discern right from wrong i.e. the mens rea has to be absent. (Criminal Code, Part XX.1). But there are some suggestions that this law should be amended. For example, the criminal code does not authorize treatments for people with NCRMD, such treatment may or may not be provided under provincial law (Gray and OReilly, 2009) and there may be misconceptions or wrong application of sentence if the offender does not accept treatment. In a research done by Gray and Reilly (2009) on the Canadas Beautiful mind case, Scott Jeffery Schutzman, a.k.a. Scott Starson, diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder, had a past criminal record before he was charged again with two counts of uttering death threats in 1998 and was charged with NCRMD, he refused anti-psychotic medications according to the Crimi nal Code, the judge may directà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦a medical practitioner, that a specific treatment should be administered to the accused for the purpose of making the accused fit to stand trial (Criminal Code, R.S.C. 1985, c. C-46, s. 672.58) After long years of court proceedings, Scott was not treated with drugs against his will. However he was still kept in detention because of the findings that suggested that he was not criminally responsible for making the death threats. This caused a lot of concern as to the amending of the Criminal Code concerning that field. Consider Scott who is now 52yrs old and has been detained in various institutions on the basis that he still poses a threat to normal safety. The Ontario Court of Appeal found that Scott still poses a real risk and psychological harm to members of the public by his threatening behavior which in the past included threats leading to death. It is also important to note that if he had been found guilty under the Canadian Criminal Code, his sentence would have been no more than 5yrs in prison yet because of the finding of the fact that he was charged with not criminally responsible, he has been detained in mental health institutions for more than 10yrs (McSherry, 20 08). This raises the debate, does the NCRMD support the mentally disordered offender, or is it better to be charged guilty for the actual crime? Cases like this have made researchers depict the importance of an amendment to be made concerning this law. In a follow up study carried out on persons found Not Criminally Responsible on Account of Mental Disorder in British Columbia, Livingston et al (2003) stated that during a 1yr period following the Criminal Code amendments, only 25% of persons who were found NCRMD were given immediate conditional discharge by the courts. Most researchers (Roesch et al, 1997; Livingston et al, 2003; Gary and OReilly, 2009; McSherry, 2008) are of the opinion that the Criminal Code concerning NCRMD should be amended and slight changes should be made to the law as it does not recognize the fact that most mentally ill people who commit crimes are not in the right state of mind when they participate in crime. In the analysis of the relationship between mental disorder and violence, it can be observed that the relationship is opaque. For the mentally ill offender who has just been labeled a psychotic, the abuse of alcohol and other harmful substances or hard drugs might explain why he commits crime, for another mentally ill offender who is constantly suffering from command hallucinations suggesting violent acts and stress, he might be seen as an abnormal person if he does not respond to these commands, exceptions are very rare because his reasons for his participation in crime may be binding on forces beyond his control. Countless more cases would probably spring up. Though the Canadian law addresses all these issues adequately, further research could aid proper handling of cases as they arise.

The Use of Steroids in Major League Baseball Essays -- Expository Essa

The Use of Steroids in Major League Baseball He walked into his hotel bathroom and cautiously closed the door. Clanging his 60 lb. dumbbell against the floor, he set his travel bag full of needles on the counter. While filling his syringe with THG, he began to think about the consequences of his actions; it is a serious problem, but he doesn't have the willpower to give up the success rewarded from it. As the needle slowly penetrated through the skin and half way through his muscle, he unloaded the syringe and felt the steroids settle throughout his leg. He took a deep breath as he removed the needle, letting the last bit of steroids squirt out of the syringe. Mentally blocking the pain, he began curling his dumbbell to pump the steroids through his system. The next day, only two days after previously breaking the single season home run record, he broke his own record, again. Barry Bonds, the left fielder for the San Francisco Giants, shook his head and shrugged his shoulders, almost in disbelief at what he has accomplished that season, but he knew it wasn't just talent; he had to ruin history, and he cheated to do it. The previous paragraphs are a possible scenario for two athletes that have obviously been taking steroids: Barry Bonds, joined by Jason Giambi. Barry Bonds' personal trainer was personally connected with BALCO, the laboratory that created Tetrahydrogestrinone. Of course he is taking the steroids; his trainer took part in making THG. But, if that is not enough convincing information, Barry Bonds broke Roger Maris' home-run record by twelve home-runs. Roger Maris' record held for 27 years and was unable to be broken by some of the best athletes in baseball, and possibly all sports. It is unnatural for a ju... ...004. 18 Mar. 2004. . "Online Drug Test." Online-drug-test.com. 20 Mar. 2004. . "Players Ask Questions; Owners Wait for Counteroffer." Espn.com. 20 Jun. 2002. 17 Mar. 2004. 1397288.html>. "Report: Steroid Abuse Growing in Major League Baseball." Espn.com. 11 Oct. 2000. 19 Mar. 2004. 812487.html>. "Side effects of Using Anabolic Steroids." Steroids.com. 2004. 19 Mar. 2004. . Steroids. Steroids.org. 18 Mar. 2004. . Steroidtips.com. 20 Mar. 2004. . "What is Androstenedione?" Total Fitness Nutrition. Tfnutrition.com. 21 Mar. 2004. .

Differences Between Juvenile & Adult Justice System

Differences between Juvenile and Adult Systems Criminal Justice Systems, CJA302, Module IV – Case Assignment Dr. Gregory Herbert March 8, 2009 History of Criminal Justice System: Differences between Juvenile and Adult Systems When we talk about a juvenile being considered an adult for the purpose of administering justice, there are a multitude of factors that need and should be taken into consideration. First, is the age of the juvenile.Secondly, it depends on the type of crime or crimes that the juvenile has committed. Next, is the extent to which the juvenile will benefit from services through the juvenile court system versus the adult court system. Then, the system will examine the degree of criminal sophistication exhibited by the minor. Also, in some instances, a fitness hearing must be held to determine if the minor is â€Å"a fit and proper subject to be dealt with under the juvenile court system†.The District Attorney’s office has 48 hours to decide wheth er or not to request a fitness hearing. After a fitness hearing is requested, the juvenile (defendant) will usually waive their rights to a speedy trial so both counsels can prepare their arguments for the fitness hearing. All entities will refer to California Welfare and Institutions Code 707 and use the following criteria to determine the juvenile’s fitness.Beginning with the juvenile’s degree of criminal sophistication, whether the juvenile can be rehabilitated prior to the expiration of the juvenile court’s jurisdiction, previous delinquent history, success of previous attempts by the juvenile court to rehabilitate the juvenile, along with the circumstances and gravity of the offense alleged in the petition to have been committed by the juvenile. There are waiver laws that provide a waiver of juvenile court jurisdiction under certain circumstances, allowing for the transfer of a juvenile’s case from the juvenile system to the criminal court system.The re are three types of waivers used in determining whether a juvenile will be tried as an adult. First there is a Legislative Waiver which states; by law, the juvenile’s case must be held in the adult criminal court, based on the offense committed under WIC 602(b)(A) through (G) and the minimum age to be tried as an adult is fourteen years. Some of the offenses that fall under WIC 60(b)(A)-(G) include: murder, rape, forcible sex offenses, forcible lewd and lascivious acts on a child under the age of fourteen, and forcible penetration with an object.The second type of waiver is the Direct File Waiver (formerly known as a Prosecutorial Waiver). The Direct File Waiver allows for the prosecutor to file a criminal claim against a juvenile ‘directly’ in adult criminal court, eliminating the need for a fitness hearing. But, judges may transfer a juvenile to an appropriate juvenile court if the judge deems it to be fair and just. The third type of waiver is the Judicial W aiver. The Judicial Waiver states that in order for a juvenile to be transferred to the adult criminal court, it requires the juvenile to be found â€Å"unfit† for the juvenile system in a fitness hearing.The minimum age of the minor is fourteen years of age. In an effort to fight against juveniles from committing serious crimes, the voters of California in March of 2000 passed Proposition 21 (Gang Violence and the Juvenile Crime Prevention Act). Proposition 21 increased a variety of criminal penalties for crimes committed by juveniles and incorporated many juvenile offenses into the adult criminal system. There is increased punishment for gang related felonies, death penalty for gang-related murder, indeterminate life sentences for home-invasion robbery, carjacking, drive-by shootings, and many other crimes.This Proposition also requires adult trial for juveniles fourteen or older charged with murder or specified sex offenses. Informal probation for juveniles committing felo nies was also eliminated and registration was required for gang related offenses. Legislation like that of Proposition 21 shifts the focus of juvenile justice from rehabilitation to punishment as the number of waivers continues to increase nationwide. The juvenile justice system traditionally individualized its decisions due to its rehabilitative nature and perception that juveniles do not have fully developed concepts of what is right and wrong.Also, Proposition 21 shifts the discretionary power from judges to prosecutors. As with most problems in our society, juvenile justice could be more effective as a whole.References Cruz, J. (2002). Juvenile Waivers and the Effects of Proposition 21. Law and Society Review. Retrieved March 3, from www. lawso. ucsb. edu/rreview/issues/2001-2002. Unknown. (2000). California Proposition 21. Retrieved on March 6, 2009 from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/California_Proposition_21_(2000) Unknown. (2005). The Juvenile Justice System. Retrieved on Ma rch 3, 2009 from www. csustan. edu/socialwork

7 Advisories About Abbreviations

7 Advisories About Abbreviations 7 Advisories About Abbreviations 7 Advisories About Abbreviations By Mark Nichol Abbreviations are useful, but they can be wickedly tricky little widgets. Keep these points in mind when you truncate words and phrases: 1. a/an This entry refers not to a or an as abbreviations but to which of the two indefinite articles should precede a given abbreviation. The choice depends not on the first letter of the abbreviation itself but on the sound of the first letter. Therefore, for example, you’d write â€Å"an MD after her name,† rather than â€Å"a MD after her name,† because the first letter in that abbreviation is pronounced â€Å"em† and should therefore be preceded by an. 2. Initials as Adjectives â€Å"I went up to the ATM machine and put in my PIN number to check my IRA account.† And in relating this event, I made three errors. In each case, the last letter of the abbreviation stands for the noun following the abbreviation. This is a job for the Department of Redundancy Department! 3. Metric Abbreviations Abbreviations for metric measurements either immediately follow the associated numeral (100m for â€Å"100-meter dash†) or follow a letter space (â€Å"2.2 kg = 1 lb.†); the latter style prevails especially when, as in the example given here, references to both metric-system and English-system measurements occur. But note the absence of periods following the metric abbreviations. Metric abbreviations are always lowercase with one optional exception: Because of the resemblance of the letter l to the number 1, the abbreviation for liter is often uppercase or italicized, or, when handwritten, styled in cursive writing. 4. Periods In abbreviations, periods are passe. Period. (Except not: e.g., i.e., etc. But mostly, yes.) 5. Plurals Omit apostrophes with plural forms of abbreviations: â€Å"He has two PhDs,† â€Å"It lists various NGOs,† â€Å"They’re all NIMBYs.† Of course, if the style for the publication in question retains periods (but see the previous point), retain the apostrophe as well: â€Å"Several R.N.’s failed the test.† 6. Postal Symbols Postal symbols are a prescribed set of two-letter abbreviations for states that are sometimes used as shorthand in nonpostal applications. In 1963, to make room for an innovation known as the ZIP code (which phrase has its own entry below), the US Postal Service advocated a two-letter form (CA, for example), but many people persist in incorrectly styling such abbreviations uppercase/lowercase (e.g., Ca.) or appending an extraneous period (CA.). 7. ZIP Code Those clever folks at the USPS selected this name to imply that mail would arrive at its destination more speedily if the five-digit code was supplied, but ZIP actually stands for something Zone Improvement Plan so treat it with all caps. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:70 Idioms with HeartSelect vs. Selected50 Tips on How to Write Good

Colonization of Egypt essays

Colonization of Egypt essays What is a good country? Is a good country a country with a cheerful population? Is a good country a country which controls more land than the next? Is a good country a country whose government and economic system has absolutely no problems? Or is a good country a country that has a delicate balance of benefits and problems. Well, we are here today to discuss the corruption of Egypt, a good country, by Britain, a huge and powerful country. Although Britain was not the first, Britain has retained control of Egypt for nearly 40 years and I am here today to ask for the freedom and decolonization of Egypt from Britain. This problem all started in 1882 when the British forced Napoleon Bonaparte, the leader of the French Army, out of Africa. Instead of leaving the land of Egypt to its rightful owners, the Egyptians, Britain decided to colonize Egypt and control them through a protectorate. The protectorate allowed the British government to control Egypts economic and political decisions without intervention from the Egyptians. In other words, The Egyptians had completely lost control of their own country. Well, some of you might ask, Why would Britain want to keep Egypt? The response to this is more simple than you might think. Was it the fact that Egypt was such a weak country at the time? Or was it that Egypt was just waiting to be colonized? No, it was greed, pure British greed, that caused the corruption of Egypts balanced culture. The economic situation of Egypt before its colonization was quite good. The working and owning class maintained the industrial aspect while the upper class maintained the government and political prospect. Through the colonization of Egypt, Britain gained control of the Suez Canal, a major part of the world trade routes. With this advantage, Britain decided to heavily tax the ships which passed through. This brought mass amounts of money of which the Egyptians never saw. Instead of ...

Summary of the Patterns Movie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Summary of the Patterns Movie - Essay Example On the other hand, Ramsey was compelled to enter into an agreement with Staples due to the situation that made him kill Brigg. However, his moral grounds were based on what was best in accordance to nature in the prevailing circumstances. Rationale for Epictetus response to the proposed strategy adopted by Staples The main teaching of Epictetus is on ethics. On his discourse, he lays out his ethical principles, which were formulated in forms of arguments in order to cure human souls (Guthrie 122). In the case of Staples’ proposed strategy, Epictetus could have argued that one has to abandon the attitude of a private individual and fulfill the ideal of a man in a moral progress. In this regard, it is true to argue that Staples ought to have stood on his morals and do what was right without compromising it with the job offered to him by Ramsey. This should also have been in line with what Aristotle argued to be the practice of good actions. Although Staples could have decided to take Ramsey’s offer basing his take of the position by reasoning as a means to living a life of virtue, his caveats seemed to contradict his morals. However, his decision to warn Ramsey about what he felt concerning the death of Brigg was such a good move, which shows his virtues. Nevertheless, Staples can be argued not to be fully committed to his moral virtues. According to Aristotle, moral virtue is constituted by correct action and emotion (Guthrie 130). Although Staples’ emotions symbolizes his true moral virtues, that is, his caveats about his feelings towards Brigg’s death and what he felt about what Ramsey did, his actions were not compatible with that. He was offered a job by Ramsey, and this could have acted as a bribe, which compromised his moral virtues. Aristotle’s point of view on individual change of heart in the business environment was that individuals must make choices that have consequences. For example, these choices should be in line with their impact on the society, if the consequences of bad behavior remove the individual further from achieving and contributing ‘good’ which, by endowment, yields a positivity to humanity, then that choice is uncalled for. It is further believed that ne person’s action can infuse the whole society. It can be argued that Staple’s action to take the job offered by Ramsey could play two major roles. Firstly Ramsey’s deeds could be encouraged as long as Staples accepted the offer of taking the job. This has an implication in that, since the offer was a kind of a deal; Staples could not disclose what happened. This, therefore, means that a culture of impunity would gradually be developed. Secondly, Staples could be compelled to sealing of such deeds even in the future as long as there is a reward offered. According to Aristotle’s concept of telos (end purpose), which articulates on the professional practice of public administration, the good life for each person is based on the move towards the perfection (Haskins 120). In this regard, it can be argued that both Ramsey and Staples were trying to move towards perfection of their good life. However, the bone of contention is on the end results of their move towards perfection of their good life. That is, the evaluation of their human soul and if their actions brigs them joy, hope, grief, or fear. The summary of the twelve angry men In the case of the young man charged with the crime of patricide, the

Fiscal Policy and Its Implications in Belgium Assignment

Fiscal Policy and Its Implications in Belgium - Assignment Example The government may also choose to increase its own spending and with this, jobs are created, an element that lowers the unemployment rate. Briefly, Fiscal policy is a major driver of the nation’s economic performance. Government spending would include the purchase of goods and services. Since it has the power to lower or rise, real GDP It qualifies to be a fiscal policy tool. The government can influence economic output if it adjusts its spending. Apart from the effect of government spending on the economy, it also affects businesses dealing with goods and services bought by the government thus multiplying through the economy (Moller, 52). The GDP may be stimulated if consumers spend the paychecks they earn from their businesses. When those dealing with government vehicles receive large orders, their sales tend to increase. This makes them hire more employees who in turn earn paychecks from the companies. The employees then spend this money on goods and services thus increasing spending, leading to a much greater result. This effect is called the multiplier effect. The changes that occur in taxes affect the average consumer income, and changes in consumption leading to changes in real GDP. These make it a fiscal policy tool. The government can influence economic output by adjusting taxes. They can be changed in several ways, and these include raising or lowering marginal taxes. Secondly, the tax rules can be modified or eliminated (Modigliani & Johnson 34). These include social security, welfare or unemployment checks. On a monthly basis, the checks go out all over the country thus serving as the income for millions of consumers. As in taxes, changes in transfer payments also leads to changes in consumer income. When consumers spend most of their income, they influence the economic output. These three tools are the ones that the government mostly administers to the economy to help it in the short term.