Urban Outfitters Continuing Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Urban Outfitters Continuing fortune Study - Essay ExampleHowever, small businesses are an asset to any country and really provoke the overall GDP. Limited funds are a challenge as they have a submit effect on the growth of the business because there is pressure to pay off debts and concentration on growth is low. Even once the initial investment is made, there might not be affluent cash to carry on with the daily operations, and hence, capital is invariably the main concern. The location is of utmost immensity especially in the case of the retailer. In the case study Urban Outfitters decided to focus their memory board openings near colleges so that the students seeking for funky designs and used vesture can easily purchase in close proximity. Location in terms of clusters and target market are factors to be considered. The proximity and comical distribution creates exclusivity and helps companies with their corner marketing tactics. Employing efficient human resource is vi tal for creating an impact on consumers. In the case study, Richard and Belair, had entrepreuniral skills and a genuine interest in running their business, therefore they did a good job. Q2) restore what a niche product is. Give at least three examples of niche products. A) A niche product is the one made and marketed for a small but profitable market. It is made for a blue potential market which is small in size but profitable to cater. The specific product features intentional are aimed to satisfy a specific market (Advantages of Niche Marketing 2009). In erect to pester this sort of a potential market, the gap in the market has to be identified. These can be customized items as well for example a cake shop customizing cakes for every individual according to their choice. Occasions are always brightened with some delicacy and catering to a customized market can be profitable. ply to the elite by exclusively creating something can also be called a niche product for example a Rolls Royce. Catering to a particular demographics, class and personality all create niches. A case in institutionalize can be websites that provide wait ons for specific categories for example finding your perfect match online, relationships and dating. such(prenominal) services fulfill the needs of thousands of people but are very limited in its service and not mass marketed. Q3) Explain wherefore a niche company might have an receipts in a market. Would price necessarily be an advantage? Explain why or why not. A) Customization and exclusivity creates the importance of a niche market. Besides these factors, satisfying the needs of specific demographics in itself is an advantage because the client feels his/her specific wants are been catered too. In the case study, the stores were located near colleges and the college students were being targeted, therefore, the sale of used clothes was identified as the missing gap for college students that have an economical budget. Therefo re, the niche market allows the company to do out energy on reaching out to the right people. resources are not wasted in mass marketing but are instead focused on serving the small share of loyal customers. Price may not necessarily be an advantage as seen clearly in this case study. Richard and Belair identified the needs of college students and then further increased their product line in order to synchronize the unique feel and look of each store. Many businesses in the world that operate in niche markets do have an advantage over price such as Lexus that produces limited cars and earns

Critical Thinking Issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Critical thinking Issue - Essay ExampleInclude any counterconsiderations and state whether any premises on the corresponding level be linked or convergent.Supporters of the Atkins fodder turn over that fol wretcheding a high protein, low lettuce pabulum such as the Atkins sustenance is the best itinerary to lose load, since on that diet you cut out carbohydrates and it is carbohydrates that are responsible for weight gain. Further narrate they give that the Atkins diet is the way to go is the large number of celebrities who follow it. Target Argument standardization cc High protein diet adds to weight gain in the absence of workout routine.1. Large number of celebrities follows Atkins diet.2.1 Carbohydrates are responsible for weight gain Xcc2. You cut out carbohydrates.C Following a high protein, low carbohydrate diet such as the Atkins diet is the best way to lose weight.Premises are convergent.But nutritionists argue that although the Atkins diet may show immediate re sults, it is not the best way to lose weight. It is not safe, since have a lot of protein-rich foods can increase the risk of heart disease, and cutting out carbohydrates increases the risk of whatever forms of cancer. Also, large number who lose weight gradually on more conventional weight-loss plans are more presumable to backup the weight off in the huge term.Counterargument standardization1. Gradual weight loss has long term positive effects.2.1 High protein food increases risk of heart disease.2.2 Cutting out carbohydrates increases the risk of whatsoever forms of cancer2 It is not safeC Following a high protein, low carbohydrate diet such as the Atkins diet is not the best way to lose weight.Premises are convergent.QUESTION 4 3 marksGive THREE examples of conditional statements to which someone who is wearing shoes but no socks... (ii) If you dont have your mobile phone, then you wont be able to call home unless you can find a pay phone. And you wont be able to find a p ayphone, because there arent any around here anymore. So you wont be able to call home, because you dont have your mobile phone, since you left it at work.Supporters of the Atkins diet argue that pursual a high protein, low carbohydrate diet such as the Atkins diet is the best way to lose weight, since on that diet you cut out carbohydrates and it is carbohydrates that are responsible for weight gain. Further evidence they give that the Atkins diet is the way to go is the large number of celebrities who follow it.But nutritionists argue that although the Atkins diet may show immediate results, it is not the best way to lose weight. It is not safe, since eating a lot of protein-rich foods can increase the risk of heart disease, and cutting out carbohydrates increases the risk of some forms of cancer. Also, people who lose weight gradually on more conventional weight-loss plans are more likely to keep the weight off in the long term.In (a), the premise which shows the technicality of musicians contains the word almost. The inclusion of this word has caused probability in the argument to be more deciding in terms of feasibility of conclusion.In (b), the usual conditional argumentative form is applied to prove the conclusion true if the pr

Illustrations for Children-The Visual Perceptual development at an Research Paper

Illustrations for Children-The Visual Perceptual development at an early age - Research paper ExampleThe objectives of teaching in the optical literacy field include enhancing the visual perception development of kidren. Basically, realisation of differences in visual aspects would be carried out. These aspects consist of color, shape, lime, movement, texture, and other characteristics. The field of visual literacy particularly concerns a childs worldview how s/he responds to the things s/he sees how s/he views, senses, and understands feelings induced and how s/he makes opinions about visual media. This essay discusses the impact of illustrations and pictures on childrens visual perceptual development, as intimately as on the rendering and comprehension learning processes of emergent readers.Development of visual perception is supposition to be helpful in enhancing childrens creative, writing, reading, and cognitive abilities. Stieglitz (2008) emphasizes that seeing is the mos t essential and fundamental cum of information about the world (as cited in Machado, 2012, 154). Seeing does not only include the eyes, but the oral sex as well. Components of the process of visual perception are eye receptors, the visual stimulus, light, the persons front experiences, past belief and knowledge, and the persons emotions and motives at a given time. Some experts propose that the visual literacy domain must be incorporated with speaking, listening, reading, and writing. They also propose teaching that is genuine, is natural, and engages children in brainstorming or problem-solving activities. Teaching, they argue, should be orderly, clear, and direct. Storytelling activities using illustrations or photos, stimulating the childrens interpretation of what the story is all about later seeing a cover of a childrens book, and talking about childrens creative rick and the specifics within or their feelings provide teachers ideas into the childrens thoughts. Such exerci ses also expose childrens capacity to read and interpret visual

Child Protection Level Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Child Protection train - Essay ExampleMajority of the present health care professionals in Britain have take aim mavin and two training, but they lack level three training. The absence of level three training interdict the healthcare professionals from either identifying the electric razor abuse or reporting it to the appropriate bodies and put procedures into place to disclose it.Lack of training and training facilities and the negligence seem to be the major reason for the mishaps in British healthcare system. Even though most of the healthcare professionals have level 1 & 2 training, at least some of the healthcare professionals have not completed the much-needed level 3 training for freehanded proper care to the children.In the baby P case, the amicable workers failed to identify or report the child abuse even though they visited the family of baby P around 60 times. Moreover, they failed to identify the criminal business relationship of the family also. In other words, these social workers have not given much emphasized to their profession they did everything mechanically. some of the healthcare professionals in Britain may not have the passion for this profession. They are engaged in working(a) in the healthcare industry just for finding a livelihood rather than any social commitments.The most important solution for improving the standards of child healthcare system in Britain is to make the level 3 training compulsory for all the healthcare professionals and the social workers. Most of the hospital groups in Britain at present urge only the specialized staff to go for the level three training. Plymouth Hospitals have already admitted that most of their staffs are trained in level one and two whereas only a fewer got the level three training.

An analysis of the idea of measuring and reporting human capital in Essay

An analysis of the idea of measuring and embraceing human capital in the balance sheet - Essay Example77).Companies including human capital will alter the companies goodwill in the external and internal environment. The political economy of the firms will improve when the political party illustrate its relationship with different skilled employees since the society will appreciate the move by the firm to treat its employees in the best ways possible since they are part of the society. The company that includes learning of its employees in the financial reports creates better coexistence with the government thus increasing their good reputation and in effect generate to a greater extent profits since the government helps it in training and developing employees who are skilled to baffle quality goods (Blair 1999, pg. 43).It is important for a company to include equity to portray it does not discriminate against the physically but skilled employees or recruits creates a better i mage that will shape the scope of the grocery store stock prices. Gender equality will portray better correlation with the society, which is important in expanding their company on its improved goodwill (Wyatt & Frick 2010, pg. 213). The inclusion of human capital in a financial report is very serious to firms thus this essay shows the reason behind exclusion of such a beneficial factor in the financial reports of most companies.Financial reports are responsible to portray the companys financial activities and the best way the company is able to allocate its resources. This information is important to the shareholders or deckors, competitors and the society. The shareholders who invest money in the company should have the knowledge of the composition of the employees the company operates with to ensure they make excusable judgments on the funds to invest (Sveiby 1997, pg. 137). If the company prove that, the employees are talented, innovative, skilled and self-motivated, the sha reholders will invest more funds since they are sure the employees at hand will generate more profits qualification the

Organization behavior of Frontier Airlines Research Paper

Organization carriage of Frontier Airlines - Research Paper ExampleThis research will begin with the statement that for an organization to stick to in the realization of its goals and objectives, it essential have a clear vision, mission, and proper strategies. Furthermore, all members of the organization must pursue to achieve a better state than its current situation. The underlying factor is improving time to come returns of the organization through consistent evaluation of a positive trend. The southwest airline, therefore, has laid down clutch measures that it perceived vital to operation and success in the industry. Having worked to this company for 3years it is worth clarifying that Frontier Airlines operating(a) success has been supported by consistent organizational transformation and motivation towards the leading airline in the United States and globally. The company has diversified from the usual simple concepts of hospitality and reservations to an institution that r ecognizes the effort of employees as a crucial component of an organization. Moreover, southwest Airline values employees role in diversity. The organization values the hire for change embraces the technology and believes that good leadership enhances productivity. The original southwest airline was founded in 1971 by 2 pioneers Rollin King and Herb Kelleher to plying the route through Dallas to San Antonio. It gained popularity in the1980s as the first airline that offered low-priced carriage by giving anopportunity to the passengers discounts in their cost of freight per mile distance.

Assessment for Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Assessment for Learning - Essay ExampleThis turn up will talk about the student-centred estimate process on vocational teaching and reading process. MCAST is whirl a chance to several individuals to acquire in force(p) knowledge and skills in order to make themselves more employable through the lifelong education and opinion process (MCAST, 2010, p.1). This study will discuss the student-centred assessment approach to MCAST Art & Design Institutes Media Studies subject. In student-centred learning process, the students play an signifi sewert cancel in the learning evaluation. In this process, the students can decide the demonstration of their learning process. The students should develop an assessment that supports penury and learning which can be thought of to be an important criterion of student-centred approaches. Media studies generally deals with the history, effects and confine of several media. Media studies deal with traditions from the humanities and social scienc es. Communication science, mass communication, communication studies and communication ar the important ingredients of the media studies. MCAST Art & design institute incorporated these subject matters in Media studies. MCAST conducts assessments in the international and national context of higher education. The major aim of student-centred assessment strategy in MCAST is to develop skills, knowledge and competencies. The program learning outcomes are very a great deal practical. These outcomes are focused to help the students to develop their skills, competencies and knowledge. This program has several make headway and transparent program assessment strategies like assessment plans. The learning assessment strategies are very much student focused. Both the program teams and program board work together to develop the skills, competencies and knowledge of the students. In this process students are supported and encouraged to become significant independent learners. E-learning fac ility and advanced applied science are implemented to assist the students to achieve the learning outcomes. It is important that the teachers should help their students to make a corroboratory approach to the subject matter. Student centred assessment strategy is important in the vocational institutions as it helps the students to hand over the practical knowledge. It is important for the students to gain practical knowledge in the media studies. The institution focused on providing effective practical guide to the students. It is important to apply Student-centred assessment approach in media studies. It will help to sate the special needs of students. This educational approach of students has several propositions for the designing of the course content, curriculum, assessment of courses and evaluation process. indecision 2 Formative, summative and portfolio assessment methods are three major assessment methods. Formative assessment takes grade throughout the learning program . In MCAST, the learner is assessed and provided feedback during the learning process. It is known as the formative assessment. On the former(a) hand, summative assignment helps to assess the students at predetermined points at the end of the learning process. Portfolio assessment can be described as the collection of activities that are linked with concepts which are required for the students to learn. Validity of an assessment method is the specific extent that helps to measure the suitability of the interpretation of outcomes. It is a matter of degree. There are four types of validity, such as content

Jewish History Response Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Jewish History Response Paper - Essay ExampleThis obligate effectively and efficiently handles these issues into various classifiable perspectives that are uninflectedal and constructive in order to come in up with a theoretical framework that can adequately assist in the fieldwork operations. The concept of analytic perspective adequately explores the ideal of understanding the challenges of the Jews in the United States in the last century. Through this exploration, in that respect is an analysis of a post-ethical perspective that greatly favors voluntary over the involuntary associations. This will therefore fit an appreciation for various communities that are approved with a determination to create room for new communities sum promoting scholarly issues that incorporate solidarity through a wide scope of people with different racial and pagan backgrounds. The post ethnic perspective will always hinder the basement of moral values and experience within individuals and the history of events though the operations within the past generation will detect that most(prenominal) of the ideas and values were at one point considered to be international and more precise on particular(a) cultures.In the communities where ethnicity used to act as the core factor of identity, there is a crucial maintain that the diversion in post ethnicity in the United States has made the American society to present distinctive challenges. Surprisingly, it is impossible to exactly trace and identify the actual period that the post ethical shift or rather conversion took place because there has always been an argument that these issues has been growing for approximately the past both decades. This article further argues that at the time an ethnic connection or rather bond is disconnected into a multi racial or multi ethnic integration then the historic or olden strategies that the Jewish facilitated to meet the requisites for survival of both the Judaism and

Case analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Case analysis - Essay ExampleIt is amongst the go by fifteen companies in the United Kingdom. Its past financial performance has been quiet commendable and its riddle of operations world over. The biggest strength of the organization laid in its successful acquisitions through which it derived internal development. audio recording financial control of the organization ever since its inception has been one of its h allmarks. More and more hotels were acquired as period passed. Despite having innumerable complex intricate operations, the structure of the organization was unbureaucratic. Their chief financial manager Joseph believed in trading purchase assets a strategy that proved to be very effective for them.The main introduce behind this was to use exchange flow generated from the acquisition to cover debts. This meant good management would increase cash flow for the company while covering debts. John acquired those assets he believed would rise in cost owe to inflation and wou ld help generate significant cash flow in future.Most of the acquisitions barring that with press had been on good friendly terms. Even after acquisitions, the business was allowed to run in their own styles without a lot of interference from the top management. Joseph never intervened deeply into the running affairs of the business.There were lots of opportunities all the way from the beginning. Acquisitions kept taking place as went the chance to do so turn in. The opportunities were punish none bureaucratically. Josephs only focus was on the fact that the existing cash flow would be able to cover any debts while operations were feasible. If everything fit the bill for him, he would then go ahead.It was with this idea in his mind that he acquired brewer Truman, Han bury, Buxton (THB). Joseph realized that the breweries were attractive in-city spots. He further cashed in on the curativeness of this offer when he saw an opportunity in Winey Mann as a follow up on THB. This was a huge step for

Assay of protein turnover using a bioluminescent reporter Essay

stay of protein turnover using a bioluminescent reporter - Essay ExampleIt is important for some proteins to keep up a short half-life but no others like clusterin because they have to control excessive growth of cells. Clusterin in this case controls prostate cancer cells (Rizzi, Caccamo, Belloni, & Bettuzzi, 2009).In designing an experiment using MetLUC to assay the efficiency of three compounds with respect to BF A, the first thing to consider is that the activity of BF A is known. The BF A would thus be used as the control variable (Schultz, Cegielski, & Hastings, 2005). Analysis of each of the three novel compounds would be done. This would be based on their respective signal sequence, in which each of them would be expressed in tissue paper culture cess. Comparison of how the MetLUC protein for each compound would be translocated to the ER and the resulting secretion into the medium in which the cells be growing would be done. The results of each would be compared to the k nown facts about the same experiment in BF A.Rizzi, F., Caccamo, A., Belloni, L., & Bettuzzi, S. (2009). Clusterin is a short half-life, poly-ubiquitinated protein, which controls the fate of prostate cancer cells. Journal of Cell Physioly, 19(2), 14-23.Schultz, L. L., Cegielski, M., & Hastings, J. (2005). Crystal structure of a pH-regulated luciferase catalyzing the bioluminescent oxidation of an open tetrapyrrole . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 102 (5),

Gay Scouts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gay Scouts - Essay Exampleive perspective maintaining that its legalization stands for an diabolic motive since it goes against religious teachings, the proponents maintained that state should not be prejudiced on the base of familiar orientation or preference. This is mostly because festive people had been denied many opportunities because of their sexual preference. Although the issue is highly controversial, legalizing audacious scouts is the best option since older flairs of prejudice are outdated and a better way of perception ought to be developed since times are changing.One of the reasons why gay-ism ought to be accepted is that even the gays are people who require the support of the society. Gay activists who have been relentless in ensuring that gay people can interact with other people openly through passage of laws that govern their rights for a commodious time. This is in spite of the idea that this issue had been ignored for decades. The activists also intended t o ensure that organizations that mostly denounce scouts acknowledge them in the society although a significant number of them were against the move to lift the century exile on gay scouts. Although Americans had been divided on this issue, there have been improvements on perception as the gay individuals are becoming more and more accepted in the contemporary society. This has been the main reason why the lift on the ban was possible.The legalization was justified because it has become widely accepted and even banning them does not solve the problem. Acceptance has been identified even in some of the religious institutions that include the joined Methodist Church, which is one of the largest religious sponsors with a sponsor capacity of approximately 363,000 scouts (Richter, 2013). This religious institution had a significant influence on the outcome of the ban lift vote because it has many attenders who would follow its views making it easy to lift the ban. The lift was also ne cessary so as to eliminate dissimilarity of such

Exploring the opportunities and challenges of developing Islamic Literature review

Exploring the opportunities and challenges of developing Islamic Financial Services in Seychelles - belles-lettres review ExampleIn the religion of Islam, it is strongly believed that Allah alone is Sovereign and it is He who has the right to reenact a charge path for the whole tenderity. In the Holy Quran, the word Shariah is mentioned once Then, We take on set youMuhammad on a path (Sharia) of Our commandment, so follow it, and do not follow the whims of those who do not know (Holy Quran 4518). This verse of Holy Quran clearly stipulates that Allah has tell to the bear Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) that He himself has provided some of the basic Sharia rules and regulations in the shape of the Holy Quran and You Muhammad (PBUH) has been ordered to follow them. In the last part of this verse, it is also ordered that whims or wishes of others are totally disallowed to be followed instead of the orders of Allah. In the Shariah, it is clearly mentioned and established fact that Allah is the Law Giver and the whole Ummah is merely His trustee (Kettell, 2011, p.13). More clearly, every Muslim is under a moral obligation to read, understand and act upon the Islamic rules and regulations mainly enshrined in the Holy Quran. ... s scholar, can develop an independent judgement not raze all the Muslims of the world collectively have any authority to introduce even the slightest change to it. The desktop of Shariah is not limited to a single look of Muslim manner. The Shariah is the guide for human actions which includes every dimension of human life. As a result, it attaches, sanctifies and gives phantasmal importance and religious aspect to activities that may look mundane. Also, it encompasses constitutional and regulatory rules and regulations. Muslims individually and collectively are ordered to conduct their daily economic, social, personal, political, religious and other activities in accordance with the Shariah rules and regulations provided in the Holy Q uran, the Sunnah and other sources of Shariah. The sources of shariah Kelly (2008) mentions the pursuit sources of Shariah in the religion of Islam (p.109) The Quran The Sunnah The Ijtihad The Ijma The Qiyas. The Quran Naqvi (2012, p.23) states that Muslims believe that the Holy Quran is the final word from Allah. The Holy Quran is the main source of Shariah. In this main source, Allah has provided numerous orders, rules and regulations relating to different aspect of human life. In order to religiously conduct daily human activities, the Holy Quran provides focusing relating to the essential human activities. Broadly speaking, the Holy Quran provides guidance on two aspects of human life relationship between humans and the relationship between humans and Allah. Between these two aspects, the majority of the guidance has focused on the relationship between humans. As humans are required to interact for motley reasons including political, social, economic, and personal and so on, Allah has included maximum guidance on these issues

What steps should an American leader undertake to avoid Civil War of Essay

What steps should an American leader undertake to avoid Civil contend of 1860 - Essay ExampleThe backdrop or shield in history that would be a famous example would be the American Civil War during the late nineteenth century. To start off, this paper would try to look into the causes of the American Civil War and analyze which among the factors was the most pressing or critical for the war to start with. From that point, this paper will then pardon what would be the personal suggestions or actions that could have been taken to prevent any further escalation of hostilities between both opposing sides during the civil war. If I Were the United States President During the 1860s, How Would I Prevent the Civil War? It is delicate to be the head of raise when dealing with the likelihood of civil war. Such instances would mean either deuce things for a president. One option is to immediately choose a side among the belligerents, which could mean either the losing or winning side. The other option is to try to remain neutral while encouraging much governmental maneuver or diplomatic approach as the only way to engage the problem. The head of state usually makes these decisions based on political alignment, economic advantage, or the moral high ground. Perhaps an example scenario that would make a great example would be the American Civil War. ... Defenders of thralldom from the Southern partnership held that slaves are needed to run their economy since most of their economy runs on agricultural growth and development, oddly with cotton crops. At the same time, slaves were views by southerners as property and were held as to have private defend ownership by right of the owner. In the case of the northern side, their economy is largely based on industrial progress and trading of equipment and materials. This gave the northern side the advantage over the south in term of economy and, eventually, military power. The use of slaves for the north was not really needed for their economy to run. Although Leidner (2011) held the opinion that Although sla very wasthemoral issue of the nineteenth century that divided the political leaders of the land, the average American had very little interest in slaves or bondage. Most Southerners were humble farmers that could not afford slaves. Most Northerners were small farmers or tradesmen that had never evenseena slave. The problem then is not solely on the economic issues of slavery, but it is found on the politics that revolved around slavery. Handlin (1864) further observed that The institution of slavery has, doubtless, been a true cause of secession and rebellion, although there have been many who disputed the proposition, and alleged that the tax and other questions were more powerful agents in causing the South to throw off her allegiance and attempt protection from the injustice of the North in a separate and independent government. (pp.41-42) It should also be noted that the seat of the Federal government and power is located at the northern side, and most

Discuss the IOM(institute of medicine) reports and how the reports Assignment

Discuss the IOM(institute of medicine) reports and how the reports admit to your specific practice bea. Do you agree with the recommendations - Assignment ExampleThe report also discusses the education of the nurses and their views to get up their education. The nurses should be allowed to work along with the physicians and wellness c atomic number 18 professionals in designing health care (Davis, Davis, & Williams, 2010).Registered Nurses (RN) are qualified and trained to perform an initial assessment of the patients. It is a part of their job to make health care plans for the patients. They are not allowed to do so in various states of US. The report also discusses the barriers that the nurses breast in carrying out their duty. It is a reality that nurses are not given equal rights to practice their duty, and IOM and RWJF has joined hands and taken initiative to transform the nursing profession (Muehlbauer, 2012).The recommendation provided in this report is clean and just. T he regulations of the state and its conflicts with APRNs must be resolved, so that the nurses can practice what they are trained to do during their education. If the nurses are trained to perform some task, which is a part of their course, then, they should be allowed to apply that part of the training in her professional life (Baljekar & Malet, 2014).Davis, S. P., Davis, D. D., & Williams, D. D. (2010). Challenges and Issues Facing the Future of Nursing Education Implications for Ethnic Minority Faculty and Students. diary of Cultural Diversity, 7 (4),

Identify the main changes from one period to the other using Essay

Identify the main changes from one period to the separate using analytical techniques, having calculated the ratios - Essay ExampleThe Return on capital active (ROCE) has also f all(prenominal)en from 35% to 5.9% in March 2012 which is also mainly due to deceased realises for the year. Since profitability ratios are all based on profits for the year the underlying problem is the drastic fall in profit as compared to give way year which is concerning. The operating profit margin has fallen by 9% from 10.8% to scarce 1.8% this year. Despite of attach in sales revenue an immense increase was seen in the comprise of sales and the operating expenses which both increased by 30% and 43.6% respectively, while the sales is merely increased by 19.6%. Another factor further contributing to the decrease in profit is high care cost incurred this year which has increased from $ 18m to $ 32m this year making an increase of 77.7%. On the efficiency side the ratios seems pretty continual th is year form inventories turnover eld remaining at 56.7 days which was 56.6 days last year, the debtors days at 37.2 days which has an decrease of 2 days which was 39.1 days last year. The sales to capital employed ratio have also been increased a little which is 3.36 clock this year. Since there was an increase put down in sales the sales per employee shows an inverse effect which has decreased by 11.1% this year. The liquidity ratios seem fall too due to increasing liabilities this year accompanied by decrease in profits and hard cash melt position. The current ratio of the company decreased by 0.3 quantify and is at 1.61 times which is isolation is a good ratio above 1 but comparatively has fallen from last year. Similarly acid test ratio has also fallen from 0.81 times to 0.61 times where a slight fall was seen. However the cash from obligation has fallen from 0.9 times to 0.1 times, which can be quite alarming for the company, the reason causing such a change is the dec reasing cash flow and increasing liabilities of the company. The gearing of the company has also increased from last year from 26.2% to 36% this year. On the other hand the interest cover ratio of the company has drastically fallen due to increased interest payment and decreasing profit this year which has fallen from 13.5 times to only 1.5 times this year. The investment ratios as yet seemed to increase for the period and werent as bad as other ratios. The dividend paid for the period was invariable from last year at $ 40m despite of low profits this year. This situation made the dividend payout ratio increase from 24.2% to 363.3% and the dividend yield ratio was increased from 3% to 4.9%. The EPS of the company also decreased drastically because of low inform profits this year from 27.5c from last year to 1.8c this year. The price earning ratio of the company has dramatically increased from 9.1 times to 83.3 times. 2. Give possible reasons for variances, making whatever assumpt ions you feel may be appropriate, whilst stating the assumptions made. The ratios analysis shows few concerning areas in the company which have occurred this year. The companys overall performance has deteriorated this year with decreasing ratios mainly seen in the profitability and liquidity areas. Other then that too the company has shown a low performance. The first and the best is the profitability

Operations Manager of a Manufacturing Plant Essay

Operations Manager of a Manufacturing Plant - Essay ExampleFinally, operations officers raise concerns about the inefficiency of production schedules.An in-depth look into all levels of operations isolates a possible core reason there seem to be too many suppliers. cursor Ahead needs to understand that the number of suppliers does not necessarily equal excellence in shape management.Remembering that operations management requires the cautious supervision of processes in producing and distributing products and services, Arrow Ahead must look backward where else it may have failed to carefully manage their practices. A good hard look at the full stop of the organization and how individually stage of the process come into play will benefit and ultimately doctor up the health of Arrow Ahead. This in turn will ensure that the company will stay expeditiously afloat in the industry for a long period of time.Having established that Arrow Ahead has overbooked suppliers, the low gear st ep is to analyze how cut is being managed. As it is possible that the company has booked different suppliers for a singular purpose but for various reasons, there is a need to review all the suppliers they swear out with and create a shortlist based on Arrow Aheads experience with each one. Has this supplier always delivered on time? Is the quality of goods, materials, or services consistently excellent? Do they ope assess on sound commercial principles? Does working with this specific supplier minimize purchasing risks? If there has been any chance that the supplier was issued corrective action by the company, did they work on it? Would the company rate the relationship with the supplier highly?The responses to these questions will help Arrow Ahead develop a advance strategy that is proportionate to the impact they would like on operations. However, this is only an initial step towards solid supply management. The next phase would be to continuously monitor the performance of ea ch supplier, in order to calculate when something may threaten the

Child Psychology Services (Part 1) Essay Example for Free

tike Psychology Services (Part 1) EssayExplain the importance of safeguarding tikeren and teen spateSafeguarding infantren and new-made people is a break for all professionals who drub in all settings where they drive home contact with children, more so children who could be more vulnerable than others i.e. a child who struggles with a personal or mental disability. All children need to feel safe and secure and be being taught or mentored by adults they can trust. It is of the upmost importance that the correct people, whether they ar full time employees or volunteers are given CRB checks. All agencies involved with children (more so, vulnerable children and novel people) must take practical measures to make certain(prenominal) that the risk of harm to children/young peoples wellbeing is minimised. If there are concerns about a child/young persons welfare then all agencies must take set aside action to deal with these concerns, i.e. working to the agreed local p olicies and procedures for safeguarding children, keeping records of all reports made about the child is essential as a source to safeguarding children.Explain the importance of a child or young person centred approachEssential to safeguarding and encouraging the welfare of a child or young person is having a childs centred approach. This could include seeing and keeping a child foc characterd by difficulties they could be experiencing. Listening and ascertaining a childs wishes and feelings go forth be important for the child, especially if they have formed a strong bond with the professional they are opening up to. It forget similarly be imperative to a child if that professional close to them understands their daily lives and what they might be experiencing, no matter how hard it could be for the adult to hear. Crucially the child or young person will know there are people out there to help and live on them when they need advice or guidance. It is important for a child centr ed approach because every child is different and a unique individual. A childs wishes should always be taken into account. The national framework for Every Child Matters (Childrens Act 2004) was set up to support children or young people to ensure the joining up of servicesto ensure that for each one individual achieves the five Every child Matters Out counts which offer support to children to alter them to be Healthy. Stay safe. Enjoy and achieve. Make a positive contribution. Achieve economic well-being.Explain what is meant by partnership working in the context of safeguarding.When it comes to safeguarding, children are best protected when professionals know what is required of them and how they work together. This means that everyone who works with children has a responsibility for keeping them safe which involves identifying concerns, sharing information and taking go action. To carry this out effectively professionals need to work in partnership with each other. Unfortunate ly, the importance of doing this has come about from professionals failing to protect Victoria Climbie who died in 2000. Her death was preventable as doctors, police and mixer workers all came into contact with her and had concerns. However, the doctors who treated her discharged her to her abusers care and admitted they assumed the sociable services would investigate. The social workers were expound as incompetent and Victorias social worker felt unsupported by her supervisor and described her colleagues as conflicted and chaotic. The police too failed to fully investigate Victorias home (for idolize of catching scabies) although close family members and Victorias child-minder raised their concerns.Following this case lessons were learnt and recommendations put into place to find out and prevent another tragedy where successful partnership working for safeguarding should have stepped in earlier to head off this abuse. To provide adequate safeguarding measures it helps to have a complete demonstrate of the child. Partnership working means each professional, (whether its the police, NHS, educations departments, NSPCC or social workers), if they have concerns to do with safeguarding, welfare child protection, they should work with the other agencies in contact with that child. Each of these professionals may have one snapshot and a concern thatmay, on its own, not necessary need intervention.By working in partnership and sharing information the bigger picture evolves and, if each profession has a different concern, together the dots can be joined and a clearer finis can be made on any intervention measures. To help co-ordinate partnership working professionals use the Common Assessment Framework (CAF) to assess a childs needs and use the outcomes to provide access to services to provide necessary support. CAF is a voluntary process which is used with certain consent so families do not have to engage and if they do they choose what information that they lack to share. The CAF process is aimed to be used when a teacher, the child concerned or their parent raises concerns about that childs health, development, welfare, behaviour or progress in learning/wellbeing.The information gathered enables an assessment to be made of what help is required and how it will be delivered and by whom. A Team around the Child (TAC) is then created to implement the requirements. The professionals that make a TAC vary from child to child depending on their needs and at heart the TAC a lead professional will have the responsibility to coordinate the work.Describe the roles and responsibilities of the different organisations that may be involved when a child or young person has been abused or harmed.When a child has been abused or harmed the first line response will be at the identify of the allegation or discovery. This could happen in any number of settings, for example at school, in a medical setting or by a child calling child line. All of the age ncies or organisations will need to work together but have their own roles in helping the child. well-disposed Services have statutory responsibilities to provide support to vulnerable children and families in need. This may be afterward a death or when families are finding day to day life difficult. Most social workers are employed by social services. Health Visitors have a responsibility for the health of babies and young children under the age of five. They provide support and guidance to theparents of young children and carry out assessments of the childs development. General Practitioners (GPs) work in the community, usually from health centres, and are the gateway to other health services. GPs are often the first people to identify possible abuse when a child attends the surgery. Probation Services support people convicted of some offences to be rehabilitated into the community. They have a key role in monitoring people convicted of offences against children and should ensur e that those people do not pose a threat to any local children. law are involved in the criminal proceedings that may result from safeguarding issues. Schools and Training Organisations are key to identifying and supporting children between the ages of 5 18 years when they are in need of help. All rung working with children and young people should be trained in safeguarding and protection. Child Psychology Services will often be needed to support children who have experienced harm or abuse.

Kindergarten History Essay Example for Free

Kindergarten History EssayThe development of other(a) childhood education in the United States has been spearheaded by the need for an emerging society to cope with neighborly and economic challenges. There are at important reasons why primal childhood education gained more than acceptance through the years. As society open(a) up to accepting women as part of the workforce, functional mothers demanded more institutions that can accept early education for their children. The desire of the government to make their citizens more globally competitive increased thereby supporting education from the very young levels of citizenry. Educators and leaders believed that hapless communities make believe better chances of development if illiteracy is arrested the earliest possible time. And vanquish reason why early childhood education has developed is the great response in children that all programs have been challenged to sustain. Caldwell shares her thoughts on how parents and t eachers could sustain this agitation for learning innate in children. Yes, its thrilling to be part of that excitement for learning. I think the for the first time thing that adults have to do is respect it.Curiosity is an absolutely wonderful thing, yet sometimes parents and teachers muster up it annoying-the 50th why question of the day, for example. Parents want to pull out their hair and say, Oh come on, weve talked about that enough. So the most important thing for that excitement and curiosity is to reward it, to let children know that we are move that they are curious about something. (Mabie, 2001) Kindergarten is an educational program for students aged three to seven. Programs usually last from half(a) to full days.Educators believe that the kindergarten is a venue for developing early knowledge, skills and attitude of children that will help them explicate a jump start at formal education. The origins of early childhood education in the US can be found in Europe. Je an Fredrick Oberlin founded a school in 1767 in France. His wife, Madame Madeleine Oberlin taught children from two to three years old. The school focused on exercise and play and handicrafts. It was more popularly cognise as the knitting school. In 1837, Freidrich Froebel put up the first school to be called a kindergarten in Blankenburg, Germany.His school became the first school in the world to envision education primarily for children in the pre-schooling age. Froebel is cognise as the creator of Kindergarten. His concept involved theories of childhood teaching and teaching material development. He in addition wrote the first Syllabus of Education of Man that listed basic theories of childhood education that guided schools worldwide. azoic childishness School in the US started as early child health centers. They were patterned after the french cribs in Paris in 1844 where governments put up these centers to care for children of mothers who had to work.Whether these center s were first found in Philadelphia or New York, where women had to work during the Civil Wars, it is important to note that these centers were focused on caring for these children rather than educating them. alone due to the migration of Germans to America, the concepts of kindergarten soon landed on American soil through Margarethe Schurz. In 1856, she put up the first American kindergarten in Watertown, Wisconsin. The school used German as the medium of instruction. The first communicatory kindergarten was found in Boston in 1860 by Elizabeth Peabody.For many years, she traveled throughout the United States, utterance about the purpose of kindergartens and their benefits to children. She helped establish kindergartens wherever she went. The first public school kindergarten was established in 1873 in St. Louis. Susan Blow, the teacher, lectured and taught kindergarten education, continuing to be a champion of Froebelian kindergarten education throughout her life. (Spodek, 1991) By the late 1920s, the centers realized that withal keeping the children clean and fed, there was the opportunity to transform the venue to serve for educational needs.The average poor child in 1860s St. Louis completed three years of school before being forced to nonplus work at age 10. Susan Elizabeth Blow addressed that problem by offering education to children earlier. Applying Friedrich Froebels theories, she opened the United States first successful public kindergarten at St. Louis Des Peres School in 1873. Blow taught children in the morning and teachers in the afternoon. By 1883 every St. Louis public school had a kindergarten, making the city a model for the nation.Devoting her life to early education, Susan Blow was instrumental in establishing kindergartens throughout America. (Watson, 1997) Maria Montessori has been a base name in early childhood education because of the amount of work and research that Maria Montessori has brought into early childhood education. As a physician working in a psychiatric clinic in Rome, she sight that it was possible to train mentally defective children in order for them to be safer and become part of a productive sector of society. Her success of handicapped children led into her to be hired to help non-handicapped children as well.Her manage and further research helped Montessori develop a curriculum for children that helped them maximize their full potentials in reading and learning. Montessori schools began to turn established in the United States before the World War. Although crash in the economy led these Montessori schools to ache in the 1930s, there came a resurgence of Montessori institutions by the 1950s. Though the Montessori Method was very popular, it would be best to note that some Montessori associations are purist of the methods while others were not.Today, early childhood educators are serious and committed in developing the kindergarten in helping future citizens of the country in becoming productive and responsible citizens. References Watson, Bruce. 1997. Kindergarten. http//www. geocities. com/capital of Greece/Forum/7905/fblkind. html Mabie, Grant E. 2001. A life with young learners an interview with Bettye M. Caldwell. The Educational Forum. http//findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_qa4013/is_200110/ai_n8999175 Spodex, Bernard. 1991. Foundations of Early Childhood Education. Allyn and Bacon. Boston.

Strategic objectives Essay Example for Free

Strategic accusatives EssayStrategic objectives atomic number 18 the core components of strategic planning. Strategic planning involves establishing the focalization and scope of an institute or an organization over a lengthy period of time. This process specifically gains advantage over the dynamic environment by structuring the resources and the abilities of the people involved to achieve a true aim. Therefore, strategic objectives become the center of all the process. Statements of visions are usually wide and do not describe a can path of actions of achieving them. Mission statements however are more specific, explaining the reasons for the existence of the organization and the how it achieves matched advantage in the market. Strategic objectives are the elements that come in to make the mission statements operational. They provide clear guidance on how the organizations will move successfully to the drawn overall objective or oddment. In other words they help in the achievement of the purpose of the organization. This essay will shortly appraise Google Inc. in terms of strategic objectives.Google Inc. In order to understand well this concept, I will manipulation Google Inc. as an example to study its strategic objectives and the way it has achieved its management goals. Google fundamentally has its success on a human resource that is managed well. It has focused on developing the potential of the employees who will in turn let out success to the company. Google Inc. has seen it right that with the changing market dynamics, businesses are focusing more on developing a competent human resource.This year CNNMoney. om reports that Google Inc. is voted 6th as the best employer in the USA (100 Best Companies to counterfeit for, 2010). Gupta says, a brand that is build upon a culture that is high on trust, low on politics, extensive at sharing resources and sharing the wealth and full of meaning and significance (Gupta, 2009). Googles overall ob jective is To organize the worlds knowledge and make it universally accessible and useful (Why Google, 2010). The organizational goal and vision of Google Inc. rest on the philosophy of bringers empowerment.The founders, Page and Brin, endeavored that the company be one that is run by the geeks. The business wing of the same goal is to attract the most excellent minds from across the world to work for the company. These two are the specifics that give clarity to the overall goal, which is to make Google an information source. Discussion From the above poster I find out that Google Inc. is at par with its objectives as concerns the purpose of it existence. It is currently the most prevalent search engine that provides information to millions of people all across the globe.Google has come up with strategic objectives that alter them to draw periodical goals that conform to the Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic and Time bound (SMART) objectives. Such strategic objectives are to branch out the human resource for anticipated company growth, venture into international markets and to continue going out of the lash that is development of innovative products. Google has captured the whole purpose without showing exactly the specific strategic objectives but through its company philosophy.This philosophy includes the following aspects. Focus on the user and all else will follow, Its best to do one thing really, really well, Fast is better than slow, Democracy on the web works, You dont need to be at your desk to need an answer, You can make money without doing evil, Theres always more information available, The need for information crosses all borders, You can be serious without a suit, Great just isnt good enough (Corporate Information, 2010). These are what it has made those people working for Google be very focused to obtaining a result.The first thing we bet is that the turnover is absent or very minimal, Gupta reports of a rate of 4. 3% voluntary turnover wholly (Gupta, 2009). Google has also had its revenues growing despite the recent economic recession. The year 2009 first quarter which was announced late has an increase of 6% higher than that of the same period in the year 2008 which was at 3% (Google Announces startle Quarter 2009 Results, 2010). In my opinion this shows that if a company draws clear purposes of existence, backed by a unbiased mission and strategic objectives, it will achieve the overall goal even in tough times.

In the Mood for Love Essay Example for Free

In the vagary for Love EssayThe quote by the author Drucker is a prime example of how non-verbal communication is most of the time much beta than the actual answer itself. Body language is an essential element of bothday inter reach amongst people. Based on impartial hand gestures or a flicker of a smiling, one can instantly change the phrase structure or structural meaning of a sentence. This change could turn a invalidating sentence into a positive awaycome. Through knocked out(p) the history of cinema body language is a tool that is applied to every picture show. Movies by their very record dismounted of as any elaborate ploy on body language. The close film era relies on nonverbal communication that is accompanied by visual elements and implanting a particularized score in order to suspend disbelief that the audience is sitting an in a ignominious room watching various shades of light and color onto a screen. The movie In the Mood for Love directed by Kar Wa i Wong is a prime example of how the characterization and plot of a movie doesnt need to revolve around the construction of dialogue between the protagonist and separate characters in the movie.To start off I would standardized to say the cinematographer Christopher Doyle and Pin Bing Lee did a large(p) job in applying a somewhat stale plot line into a visual masterpiece. at that place are servicemany examples, of how the cinematography of this movie enables the audience to visualize the budding of a love that happened out of pain, spite, and loneliness. I would like to analyze the cinematography of a scene in order to bring more clarity to how body language is more important. The first scene I would like to examine is in the first act of the movie. Keep in mind during this scene on that point is no dialogue hearty(p) a harmonyal score.The faces of the two adulteresses remain obscured by dint ofout the scene. Fade from black no picture in your minds eye the wife Su Li-Zhe n is in her apartment with her maintain while everyone is playing Mahjong. She takes the chair behind her husband and sits there. When she leaves for a abbreviated instance to let another woman by which is the wife of Mr. chow. Chow so proceeds to take his queue and exit the room looking troubled and deep in sight walks by and slightly grazes Mrs. Li-Zhen. Li-Zhen then goes to sit mow next to her husband and puts her arm on his shoulder.This scene is jam-packed full of visual elements that make this scene very compelling and drives the movie forward with such manifest tension. First, the wife of Mr. Chow is dressed in a vibrant red dress that really pops out from all the dull whites and browns that are present in on the screen. This vibrancy of color and by the nature of all the skin that is revealed above her neck alludes to a characterization that is more sexual, more desirable in comparison to Mrs. Li-Zhen. She is wearing a dull white dressed that is cut in a more traditio nal and plain way.By the nature of the fabric and patterns on the dress it looks like she is blending in more than standing out. This direct comparison is between the mise en scene of the costuming foreshadows that the wife Mrs. Li-Zhen will decease less desirable over time and this will present the problem of some kind of ch eat. likewise during this scene the very body language present between the two women towards Mr. Li-Zhen is very different. The wife of this man is sitting behind her husband she perk upms reluctant in showing her affections towards him.She doesnt really act like they are together she only looks over his shoulder. The camera movement at this scene is very important when the wife walks into the room the camera pans out endure to the doorway. Then, The adulteress wife walks from off the screen through the doorway. At this point the camera pans in. The woman in red then proceeds to walk in between the married couple sitting down, and drapes her arms across Mr. Chows back. Mrs. Li-Zhen gets up puts on an insincere smile and backs against the wall. The woman in red seems to push the faithful wife away.This scene is a metaphor down to a tee of what is happening to the Li-Zhen and Chows birth. The initial distance between the first married couple shows that there is some discontent or rift between them. This body language is very subtle provided its possible to see that they arent not entirely happy with each other. Its not until she has her back against a wall and sees the discontent on Mr. Chows face do you really see the wife really warm up to her husband. The camera movement during this scene further supports my points on the relationship between the two couples.When the camera pans out it is signifying that even though Mrs. Li-Zhen is getting closer in world she is quite distant from her husband. This distance is growing and impossible to reverse in this instance. This distance created by routine the shot from a medium, shot to a wi de angle. Which sets up the next camera movement where Mrs. Chow comes from off the screen and the camera moves in and follows her as she makes her way towards MR. Li-Zhen. This shows that the there is a shift of proneness acquittance from the faithful wife to the new fling.This sexual shift is subtle but very spare once the adulteress pushes the faithful wife. The score during this scene is also very prominent during the entire movie. It is present every time we she a slight shift of the relationship status between the two couples. At first the music indicates that the physical, mental, and sexual attraction between the original couple is shifts towards a more negative outcome. During this scene the music is indicating that the once happy couples are now beginning to shift towards separation.The music cues as Mrs. Li-Zhen walks into the shot from off the screen. The tone and gait of this piece directly correlates to the overall plot line of the film, and is come upon to this s cene as well. The tone of the piece is a somber one very little pleximetry is used in the score. There is a very prominent fiddle that is playing over other various gears. The tempo of this particular piece starts with slow staccato or plucky strings they start slow and there is able time between the notes to hears brief instance of silent.Then piece revs up to have a very mellow violin playing on top. The use of the tone in the piece reflects on the mood of the entire film and distress of the two that are faithful initially. The tempo of this piece shows that at first everything stress there is some kind of hidden element going on and then it quickens. The heartbreak comes, and now they have to live with it. As the movie progresses however the music becomes an indicator that new found couple having difficultly permit go, but they are making progress towards change state whole again.When talking about this scene in particular the use of this music directly correlates to the acti on of what is going on in the scene. At the beginning of the piece the wife is walking into the room. This plucky string part signifies that there will be tension going on between Mrs. Li-Zhen and her husband. The violin is cued in as the camera movement stops and the adulteress wife walks onto the screen. The music is indicating that this woman spells trouble and she is legal transfer to the movie. Also, as the violin is playing the husband walks out of the room right after a brief pause between the violins solo.You hear a few plucks and silence of the violin at this instance. The silence of the violin signifies that he is not a problem but instead also in trouble from what is happening around him. He exits and the film cuts to the Li-Zhens being more affectionate, yet the sad music is still playing. This foreshadows that no matter what the relationship between these two couples is doomed even though the wife either trunk ignorant or refuses to let go. At, which we find out later in the movie she tries to resist letting go the man she married because she cares so deeply for him.For example the original faithful protagonists are eating at a restaurant and both are trying to emulate the others superannuated significant other. This movie very eloquently uses subtle metaphor through body language. The visual elements and the musical theater score help to strengthen the lack of dialogue in order to tell this story in a more compelling way. Body language is a necessary tool to understand in order to have a more in depth understanding of the characterization of the actors in well done films. Without strong body language is possible to sends confusing signals to everyone around you whether it be in the movies or in real life.

The Death Penalty Essay Example for Free

The Death punishment EssayThe decease punishment is a capital punishment that is put into effect for major crimes. The cobblers last penalty is a really controversial topic in the joined States and throughout the world. at that place was a time termination were the stopping point penalty was banned for about four years in 1972-1976. umteen feel that the finish penalty is justice beca wasting disease it is retribution toward criminals who rich person committed heinous crimes. However the termination penalty is beastly and should be abolished in the United States. The close penalty has been around since the beginning of civilization. Capital Punishment has been right in almost known societies over the course of humans history (Garland 30). The website Introduction to the Death penalisation states that the last was beginning established for 25 different crimes, however, over the years the laws confound changed. Fortunately, only trine of the world still uses this t ype of punishment. thither are only a few developed countries that maintain the goal penalty, such as Singapore, Japan, Taiwan, and South Korea.The most upstart countries that bring forth abolished the remnant penalty because they deamed it fell are Burundi, and Togo in 2009, and Gabon in 2010. Unfortunately the U. S. is one of the few developed countries that still have the death penalty. source Scott Christianson says, In the United States, however, serious consideration of abolition was slower in the coming, for political reasons.On the one hand, capital punishment had been used since the earliest days of exploration and Colonization it was still judicial in all but a few states (176). In the U. S. nly fourteen states have abolished the death penalty, the most recent states to abolish the death penalty are New York in 2007, New Mexico in 2009, and Illinois in 2011. Writer Michael Meranze says, Europe redefined itself as a death penalty- free zone and seventy countries aro und the testicle abolished the death since 1976, where us the United States non only rein stated capital punishment but thirty-six states and the federal official establishment expanded its use and provenance (Garland et. all 73).Since 1977, 611 bulk have been achieved in the United States . xecutions in the U. S. have been carried out at an increasing rate, with more than half of the actions since 1976 having occurred in the last tailfin years (Barry). The United States has used many different regularitys to execute prisoners over the years. Two of the first methods were abeyance and firing squad. Although these methods are considered archaic now, there are still well-nigh states that allow the use of interruption and firing squads. These states that can still use hanging are Delaware, New Hampshire, and Washington.States that can still use firing squads are Idaho, Oklahoma, and Utah. Another method of execution that was used for years in the U. S. is the electric chair . There is currently only one state that still uses the electric chair as its main method of execution, which is Nebraska. Another method that is rarely used but is still on the books for some states is the gas chamber. Writer Scott Christianson says, The earliest gas chamber for execution purposes was constructed in the Nevada state penitentiary at Carson city and first employed on February 8, 1924 (1).States that still have the gas chamber are Arizona, California, Missouri, and Wyoming. The main source of execution for all states with the death penalty with the exception of Nebraska is lethal injection. Lethal injection is puts poisonous drugs into a persons bloodstream to kill them. However because the poisonous drug is so expensive some states are starting to use the same drug to put down animals for human beings. Advocates claim that having the death penalty for crimes deters crime because they think people are scared of punishment however, the death penalty does not deter crim e.The death penalty is useless because the criminals committing the crime are not thinking about the death penalty but rather how to stay alive. The attempt to reduce murders in the drug trade by threat of severe punishment ignores the fact that anyone trafficking in illegal drugs is already risking his life in slam-bang competition with other dealers. It is irrational to think that the death penalty a remote threat at best pass on avert murders committed in drug turf wars or by street-level dealers (Bedau). This set ups that the death penalty is not stopping murders from occurring.The introduction to the death penalty conducted a survey were top criminologists stated that the death penalty does not deter homicide rates (Introduction). For 2009, the average Murder Rate of Death Penalty States was 4. 9 Murder rates by the 100,000, while the average Murder Rate of States without the Death Penalty was 2. 8 (Introduction). Not only does the death penalty not deter crime but it is a lso very expensive. The death penalty costs so much because of the appeal process. The appeal process is a very long and expensive process that can go on forever and costs the government zillions.Many assume that abolishing the death penalty is wrong because it becomes unfair to the taxpayers because they think the cost is less than that of life in prison without parole. However life in prison is less expensive than the death penalty (Bedau). The death penalty is actually three times more than bear oning a prisoner in prison for life without parole (Messerli). Death penalty trials are costly as well. Studies estimate that death penalty trials cost $1 million more than trials in which the prosecutors seek life without parole (Introduction).Therefore the government needs to stop executing people because it is unfair to the taxpayers. The death penalty costs one-hundred thirty-seven million dollars annually. Writer John Van De Kamp says, With California facing its most severe financi al crisis in recent memorywith draconian cuts about to be imposed from Sacramento that will affect every occupier of the stateit would be crazy not to consider the fact that it The Death Penalty will add as much as $1 billion over the next five years simply to keep the death penalty on the books. Therefore the government needs to rid of the death penalty in order to put taxpayers money to better use.One of the biggest problems with the death penalty is that it is racially imbalanced. Juries invest the death penalty more ofttimes to minorities than to Whites. Capital punishment opponents argue that racial bias on the behalf of prosecutors, judges, and juries results in disproportionately high numbers of convicts and death penalties for African-American defendants (Issues). The defendant who is a person of discolor is much more likely to get the death penalty if the victim is white. As of 2002, 12 people have been executed where the defendant was white and the murder victim was blac k, compared with a 178 black defendants executed for murders with white victims (Bedau).There are still these uneven numbers in death row to this day. There has been evidence in murder sheaths that juries have been racist and have sentenced some people to prison while others, mostly black, have been given the death penalty (Bedau). Minorities are disproportionately given the death penalty with a 43% of executions since 1976 and a 55% awaiting the death penalty (Bedau).These facts are shameful to the country. Another big reason wherefore the U. S. shouldnt have the death penalty is the financial imbalance among defendants. People who have money have a better chance of being proved clear because they can afford better attorneys than curt people. Professor Scott Philip from the University of Denver says, Defendants who hired p attracter for the entire case were never sentenced to death. Even defendants who hired interpret for a portion of the case were substantially less likely t o be sentenced to death than defendants with appointed counsel (American).These who cant afford attorneys have to rely on public defenders, who are incredibly overburden in their jobs and are sometimes in competent. Poor people accused of capital crimes are often defended by lawyers who lack the skills, resources, and commitment to handle such serious matters. This fact is confirmed in case after case (Bright). This unfortunate act committed in this country leads to people being wrongfully sentenced. Because of the racial and financial imbalances, even proponents of capital punishment should recognize that the system is broken.A part of the death penalty that people tend to avoid is the fact that woman and men are executed (Messerli). wrongly sentenced people are one of the biggest problems with the death penalty. How many innocent people will the United States execute in front we stop this barbaric punishment? (Dicks 31). The number of people that have been executed, that were l ater found innocent is not the ideal numbers that people want to hear. Total of 69 people have been released from death row since 1973 after evidence of their innocence emerged (Dieter).In the Bedau-Radelet report on Miscarriages of Justice in potentially Capital Cases, it was reported that 350 people have been wrongfully sentenced, twenty-three of which were actually killed by the state before they were found to have been innocent (Dicks 79). There is no way to ensure that this wont sometimes happen, so the U. S. cant ethically use the death penalty. The biggest reason that there should not be a death penalty is that it is morally wrong. It violates the right to life as proclaimed in the widely distributed Declaration of Human Rights (Abolish).It also cant undo whats already been done. It is useless in that it doesnt bring the victim back to life (Messerli). The death penalty doesnt help anybody and doesnt show that killing is ok. Therefore, It sends the wrong message why kill peo ple who kill people to show killing is wrong (Messerli). The United States is one of the most elite nations in the world however, people in the U. S. dont have the sense to get rid of the death penalty. The penalty is inhumane and should be abolished in the United States. This punishment goes against everything the U. S. stands for and it is a denial a humans rights to live.Throughout our history, critics have time-tested to brand the death penalty as the vestige of a mad primitive age, a execute that an enlightened society would reject. And each time they have advanced their casebut only so far (Kay). People need a government that is fair to all and does not deny people their rights to live. People need a government that will not just settle with just, but will fight for what is right for the people of the United States of America. Why should a nation that casts itself as a leader in the battle for human rights resist so tenaciously the elimination of a practice so self-evidently a holdover from darker times?

Lady Macbeth Essay Example for Free

Lady Macbeth EssayLady Macbeth is a fascinating character in the embolden of Macbeth. When we first meet her in Act One, she seems to be a in truth strong character however, after on, we realise that she isnt so strong and slang term live with her guilt of killing Duncan. She goes insane and later dies as a weak, vulnerable figure. She is reading a letter from her husband ab bulge out his meetings with the witches. We get a very strong indication as to the nature of her character at this stage through her soliloquies the first cosmos her reaction to the witches prophecies and the second being her response to the messengers news of the king comes here towickedness. Lady Macbeth is determined that Macbeth should be king simply knows that hes too full of the milk of benignant kindness/To catch the nearest way. She is certain of her husbands weaknesses and indeed strengths, and is ruthless enough to exploit them.She is a woman ambitious for her husband whom she loves. She rec ognises the essential impregnable in him, and feels that, without her, he testament never win the Crown.For him, she invites the evil spirits to unsex her and remove her femininity to make her evil enough to carry out the deed of murdering Duncan. The fact that she had to call upon the evil spirits emphasizes that she knows shed never do it without the help of the spirits because her feminine qualities would take over. To Macbeth, in his letter to her, she is his making love partner of big(p)ness, an indication of love and trust. We see her as she analyses his virtues and weaknesses and decides to overcome his scruples, hie thee hither/That I whitethorn pour my spirits at thine ear. She is very faithful to Macbeth and at this point, infers she knows theyre not going to cheat. Macbeth starts to falter and says we will proceed no further in this business. She is angry at this and uses the horrific imagery of dashing a baby from her breast and slamming it down onto the stone gro und to kill it, if she had promised Macbeth she would do a task such(prenominal) as killing Duncan.Lady Macbeth berates her husband for his lack of conviction, she questions his love for her she mocks him, saying that he is less than a man, accusing him of being drunk and a coward. Her loyalty to him is unfaltering as he procrastinates. When Macbeth asks her about failing, she replies We, fail?/But screw your courage to the sticking place and we will not fail. She has planned Duncans murder secure down to the cultivation detail she has planned to drug Duncans guards and has left the daggers ready for Macbeth. She as well seems to be the to a greater extent devious of the two and, perhaps, the better criminal when Macbeth brings the daggers down with him, she chop-chop notices and puts them back. Here, we do see a press of conscience creeping through when she mentions how she couldnt have killed Duncan because he resembled her father. Throughout the scene of the murder (Act II , scene ii), she is under(a) the influence of drink, proving that she is not filled from top to bottom with the direst cruelty.After Duncans body has been discovered, Macbeth nearly blows their cover when he starts talking about how he killed the guards. Lady Macbeth cleverly faints here to divert the attention away from her husband. In Act III, Lady Macbeth realises that the crown doesnt bring happiness Noughts had, alls spent/Where our desire is not got without content. Here, I think she realises how she has become distanced from Macbeth after he got the crown. Further in Act III, is the banquet scene.Macbeth has had Banquo killed at this point but did not tell his wife about the plot. When Macbeth enters the banquet hall, he sees Banquos ghost in his chair. Lady Macbeth once more fears that Macbeth is going to give away their whole scene when he starts talking to the ghost. Her first strategy is to woo to his manliness over again, Are you a man? When she sees that this isnt w orking, she makes excuses for him by saying that he has been mentally ill since his youth. She quickly ushers out the guests, to stop Macbeth from saying something the pair would later regret. This is the last point we see Lady Macbeth until the last Act.In Act V, we meet a very different Lady Macbeth. She has now been reduced to a poor, mad creature, very badly shaken by til nowts. She is observed sleepwalking and retracing the events of the murders of Duncan, Banquo and of Macduffs family. Se unfolds a writing of paper, reads it, refolds it and replaces it in the closet. We are not told what this is (some scholars have suggested it to be a suicide note others have suggested a confession of the murders. It doesnt make much difference what it is, however, it is sometimes nice to speculate). She washes her hands again and again, saying out damned spot, outHer gentlewoman reports that what Lady Macbeth has said has been incriminating. She has been reduced to such an insecure wreck t hat she cant even go to sleep without a light on. She reminisces about the knocking heard on the night of the murder To bed, to bed theres knocking at the gate. Subconsciously she is going over the events in her head even those she wasnt directly involved with but knew about- The thane of Fife had a wife. When she returns to bed, we dont ever see her again and we hear not of her again until Seyton says to Macbeth The queen, my lord, is dead. Macbeth doesnt seem upset by this and basically says it was an inconvenient time for her to die.Throughout the play, we see a great change in Lady Macbeths person she changes from a strong, ambitious mind at the start to a weak mentally disturbed soul at the end. A great contrast can also be seen between Macduffs O gentle lady to Malcolms fiend-like queen. Maybe we should feel sorry for Lady Macbeth or maybe we should feel that she got her just-desserts. Either way, she was one of the most complex, enigmatic characters introduced by Shakespeare , representing the fundamental drive for human ambition.

Blind people on China Essay Example for Free

Blind heap on china EssayThere argon 5 million projection screen peck in the whole world. And mainland china is taking the first place of this problem. China accounts about 18% of blind populate. well-nigh of them batht live independent they all take aim someones foster. withal we preempt know that 90% of blind concourse be living in modern cities. For example capital of Red China (capital), Shanghai and etc. he total number of blind people in China at both castn clock expressed as a per centimeage of the total population is nearly 0. 4%. According to the facts from internet, the countrys ever- change magnitude blind population has already exceed the total population in such(prenominal) countries as Denmark, Finland or Norway. In the whole world main problem ob blindness is cataract. Beca aim of exclusively the cataract blindness accounts 2. 5 million people in the world. Each year about 400,000 people function blind in one moment because of it. Cataract pred ominantly a disease associated with ageing. According to the famous Chinese websites, we domiciliate know that the reason of blindness in China not only cataract but alike it include cornea diseases, trachoma, glaucoma. I took some interviews from 2 Chinese people. When I talked to my Chinese teacher from high cultivate I was pretty surprised. First she told me about problems of blind people.It started past years ago, when with time there are more and more blind people was with the same objects to goernment. Chinese population doesnt respect blind people. They are behaving to them very bad. Population doesnt see any personality in them. They are performing to blind people like to animals. And every time peoples words were such a Blind people-they are not independent, they cant help to our country. They cant do anything. They are not useful for China. So in my mind first thought was government in China need people only for useful thing? Its so selfish and not correct.I think ever yone will agree with me. Nowadays theres so many another(prenominal) ways to repossess blind people. According to the facts from the Internet 80% of blindness possible to cure. It was many accidents when even young people didnt help to blind old person. And with years there are more and more problems. How my teacher state government first didnt take it such a big problem, but with time when there are more people with objects and arguments to them, they started to pay more attention to blind people. In 2011 many of them were really angry to the government. Hundred blind people want government toallow them come with dogs to ordinary places. Because how I said before they all need help. They thought if they cant come with dogs, they couldnt even come inside of any places. Some of them cant do it only with walk stick or every time hope to theirs hearing. And till now they are trying to incur an access for that. Only part of public places allowed them come with dogs. But they are al so good people who are trying to subscribe blind peoples life easier. For example my guardians Chinese conversancy said that, one Chinese scientist developed a cheap e-notebook for blind people.He told me only that information, without any details, so I searched in Internet more about that e-notebook. The e-notebook, called B-Notes, allows people to take notes or memos utilize braille or by recording speech. It is similar in size to a mobile phone. B-Notes makes use of technologies developed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Computing Technology (ICT), including variation software. Prototype e-notebooks were trialed on ten blind people last month. Wang Xiangdong, technical leader of the ICT team that developed the device, says that Braille can be conveniently input using a panel on the e-notebook.And when B-Notes is connected to a computer, the Braille-Chinese translation software can be used to convert Braille into Chinese characters automatically, he says. Curren tly, there are nearly 39 million blind people in the world, according to the WHO. And according to the China disenable Persons Federation, there are more than 12 million visually disabled people in China. Wang said that the basic technological research for the e-notebooks has been completed and they are expected to be available in China later this year at a cost of 500 to 800 RMB.The e-notebook has three main features. First is the Braille input. The e-notebooks input panel has an array of mini keys that allows users to type. Second is the intelligent translation system, which is up to 95 per cent accurate. When the e-notebook is connected to a computer, pre-installed software moves all Braille in the device over to the computer and translates it into Chinese characters. Third, the e-notebook has a voice interface. There are voice prompts to guide users through the devices various operations.Currently, the notebook can only translate Chinese Braille to Chinese characters. But Wang says that if other countries express an interest in the device, it will be possible to produce e-notebooks that translate other versions of Braille into other languages. The blind people who tested the prototype notebooks told developers that they found them portable and easy to use. According to WHO website The goal of the Chinese Ministry of Health over the coming years is to reduce the prevalence of blindness in the country to less than 0.3%, i. e. almost by half. And it really makes happy that, government paying more attention to blind people nowadays. How I read with every year they are opening more school for blind people. Also it is increasing accounts of hospitals where people can help to this nondependent people and make theirs life easier. They were some accidents when some of them cured of blind. Also I heard that most professional people who are doing massage all are blind. China has some hospitals with this course. Where they are teaching them.In my opinion, they have to pay more attention to blind people. And give them more good conditions. Make rules that everyone should respect each other, especially blind people. Government should ask them what they need, what help they want from government. China should open more clinics and hospitals for poor people. Who cant pay to theirs treatment. They also need help from others. They should allow to blind people come with dogs in public places. And I can make conclusion from all of it that government should heed to them.

Books And Reading Essay Example for Free

Books And renting Essay contri simplyeical Vocabulary 1. Categorisation Childrens and adults tot ups travel books and biography romantic and historical novels thrillers spy stories science fiction/fantasy non-fiction pulp fiction. absorbing adult amusing contr oversial dense get down delightful dirty disturbing dull fascinating gripping moralistic obscene outrageous backbreaking whimsical unputdownable. 2.Books and their parts paperback and hardback binding cover jacket designation epigraph preface the content list fly leaf bookplate blurb a beautifully printed book a tome fountain in leather a book with dense print/ with loose pages. 3. recital habits to form a demonstrateing habit early in biography to exclusivelyege silently/incessantly/avidly/voratiously to depict curled up in chair to depict a child/ onenessself to sleep to be lose/absorbed in a book to devour books to dip into/glance over/pore over/thumb through a book to browse through newspapers and peri odicals to s backside/ skim a clip an avid/alert/keen reader.4. Library facilities training rooms and reference sections the subject/ fountain/title/on-line catalogue the enquiry desk computer assisted reference service to usurp/renew/ contribute books CDs and video tapes r ar books to keep books that be overdue books vulnerable to theft to suspend ones membership to be banned from the library. I. Use the thematic vocabulary in answering the following questions 1. Which books ar you reading now? 2. Where is your darling place to read? 3. Who is your favourite novelist? 4. Who is your favourite char exerciseer? 5.Which contemporary write do you close admire? 6. Which is the first book you target recommend reading? 7. Which school textual matter did you most enjoy? 8. What is your favourite childrens book? 9. Which book would you deal to see filmed? 10. What is the most difficult book you learn ever read? II. Work in groups. Find out well-nigh the last book from each one o f your partners has read and make notes on these orients Author and title Type of book and whats it close Reason for liking it Reason for recommending it to others III. Work in pairs. Choose the trump utility(a) to complete these sentences1. Oliver Twist is a classic work of slope . Literature non-fiction letters adaptations 2. The plot of the stratum was very provoke, but I didnt find the . Persons people characters figurers 3. This book is a special edition for foreign readers, so theres a(n) . Appendix glossary introduction preface table of confine 4. A novel is commonly divided into several . Chapters units sections passages 5. If you need to find approximately teaching in a non-fiction book, look in the .Atlas blurb catalogue diary index review 6. Cambridge University squash is the of the book youre reading. Author editor printer publisher 7. A great novel has a bully plot and a strong . Communication meaning message significance 8. The book was marvelously and it was a joy to read. Stylistic tedious well-written wonderful 9. Ernest Heming dash is one of my American writers. Best favourite nonesuch most popular 10. The thriller was so exciting that I couldnt .Let it down look it up pick it up put it down 11. Even the characters in the book are really interesting. little minor small tiny 12. Id like to that book when youve read it.Borrow get hold of lead loan IV. In these sentences three alternatives are correct and two are wrong. Choose the best three alternatives for each 1. The character in the book is called Oliver. Central main principal principle top 2. I enjoy her books because her style is so very . Dull entertaining readable tedious realistic 3. I found that the characters in the story were very . Amusing believable informative likeable thrilling 4. There were so many another(prenominal) twists in the plot that I didnt really think it was . sinless authentic convincing realistic true-to-life 5.She doesnt read any fiction because she prefers reading . Biographies small stories textbooks non-fiction science fiction 6. I cant books like those they just send me to sleep. Bear acquire enjoy stand suffer V. Fill in the gaps in these sentences with suitable oral communication 1. You can borrow books from a or buy them from a . 2. A writer can also be called an . 3. I cant afford to buy the book in hardback, so Ill wait trough it comes out in . 4. I cant remember the of the book, but I know it had a yellow . 5.A book that dissevers somebodys life story is called a . VI. Match each word in the column with the explanation Ballad, biography, novel, drama, poem, fairy bosh, poetry, story, rhyme, novelette a) a story in prose, spacious enough to fill in one or more volumes, to the highest degree either imaginary or historical people b) piece of creative writing in verse form, especially one expressing abstruse feeling or noble thought in beautiful wrangle, composed with the desir e to slide by an jazz c) simple song or poem, especially one that tells an old story d) the art of a poet, poemse) tale about fairies of imaginary origin f) branch of literature dealing with the lives of persons g) play for the theatre, radio or TV h) verse for small children characterized by sameness of sound of the ending or two more words at the ends of lines of verse i) mindless novel (story in prose) j) account of past or imaginary events. VII. Read the following extract and make with your groupmates the list of the books you would like to read while travelling The Book- Bag well-nigh people read for instruction, ad some for pleasure, but not a few read from habit.I belong to that company. Let us admit that reading is just a drug that we cannot get along without. Books are necessary to me and I never traveled far without enough reading matter. But when I am starting on a long journey the problem is really great. I beat learnt my lesson. Once I fell ill in a small town in coffee tree and had to stay in bed for three months. I came to the end of all the books I had brought with me and knowing no Dutch had to buy the schoolbooks from which intelligent Javanese, I suppose, got knowledge of French and German.So I read once more after twenty-five years the plays of Goethe, the fables of La Fontaine and the tragedies of Racine. I have the greatest admiration for Racine, but I admit that to read his plays one after the other requires a certain effort in a person who is ill. Since then I have made a point of travelling with a freehanded sack full of books for all(prenominal) possible occasion and every mood. There are books of all kinds.Volumes of verse, novels, philosophical works, critical studies (they say books about books are useless, but they certainly make very pleasant reading), biographies, tale there are books to read when you are ill and books to read when your brain want something to work at there are books that you have eer wanted to read bu t in the hurry of life at sign of the zodiac have never found time to there are books to read at sea there are books for bad weather there are books chosen solely for their length, which you take along when you have o travel light, and there are the books you can read when you can read nothing else.(from W. well-nighrset Maugham) VIII. See how many authors and titles you can match For Whom the Bell Tolls Charlotte Bronte A Perfect terra incognita Charles Dickens Airport Walter Scott Sister Carrie Dan Brown Tom Sawyer Daphne du Maurier Pride and Prejudice Arthur Hailey Martin Eden Danielle mark Of Human Bondage Ernest Hemingway Alice in Wonderland Mark Twain Ivanhoe Lewis Carroll Rebecca Jack London David Copperfield Theodore Dreiser Jane Eyre Somerset Maugham The Da Vinci cypher Iris Murdock Black Prince Jane Austen IX. Read the text and agree or disagree with the statements belowAn English author once wrote Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed or digested. Thi s quotation tells us how to read books of dissimilar kinds. Most travel books are to be tasted its enough to dip into them and read bits here and there. If you are fond of crime stories (A. Christie, G. Simenon and the rest of modern favourites) you will read them quickly, youll swallow them. And then there are books that youll read slowly and carefully. If a books on an important subject, and a subject youre interested in, youll want to chew and digest it.And youll want to weigh what the author says and consider his ideas and arguments. 1) Reading English fiction with a dictionary is very dull. 2) If the book is very exciting, you swallow it. 3) Nobody reads reference books for relaxation. 4) Reading thick science fiction books is tiring. 5) Very intelligent people dont read tec stories. 6) Non-fiction books cant be inspirational. 7) Travel books give you a lot of useful information. 8) Unfortunately many young people are not in the habit of reading poetry. 9) Great book-lovers n ever lend their books.10) Lots of people buy books for their bright and beautiful jackets. 11) Bookcases and bookshelves are the best kind of decoration for a living-room. 12) Its of no use collecting book issues of magazines and newspapers. X. Read the following passage and say if you agree with the author Some people think that as more and more people have their TV-sets in their hearths, fewer and fewer people will buy books and newspapers. Why read an article in the newspaper, when the TV news can bring you the information in a few minutes and with pictures?Why read a novel, when a play o television can tell you the same story with polish picture and action? Why read the biographies of famous men and women, when an hour-long television programme can tell you all that you want to know? Television has not killed reading, however. Today, newspapers and magazines sell in very puffy numbers. And books of every kind are sold more than ever before. Books are lock up a cheap way to g et information and entertainment. Although some books with hard covers are expensive, many books are published today as paperback books, which are reasonably cheap.A paperback novel, for example, is almost always cheaper than an evening at the moving picture or theatre, and you can keep a book forever and read it many times. Books in the home are a wonderful source of knowledge and pleasure and some types of books should be in every home. Every home should have a good dictionary. Every home should have an atlas of the world, with large clear maps. It might be expensive, but a good encyclopedia is useful, too, because you can find information on any subject.In addition, it is useful to have on your bookshelves other non-fiction books such as news report books, science textbooks, cookery books, books about medicine and health, etc. It is equally important to have some fiction on your shelves, too. Then you can relax with a good story, or from time to time you can take a book of poem s off your shelves and read the thoughts and feelings of your favourite poets. XI. Choose the best answer match to the information in the passage 1. Which is easier to get the news from? a) newspaper b) the television 2.Which is usually quicker? a) to read a biography of a famous person b) to watch a TV programme about a famous person 3. Which is usually cheaper? a) a paperback b) an evening at the cinema 4. Which is usually cheaper? a) a paperback b) a hardcover book 5. Which is it most important to have in your home? a) non-fiction books, such as dictionaries and encyclopedias b) fiction, such as novels, short stories and books of poems c) a mixture of both good non-fiction and your favourite fiction XII. Discuss the following questions with your partners 1.Were your parents worried that you watched too ofttimes TV when you were younger? 2. Did you find TV more interesting than anything else when you were at school? 3. Programmes on what subject do you like most of all? 4. Can you learn all you want on TV? 5. Do you think you get more information from books or TV? 6. Is it easier for you to memorize facts watching TV or reading books? 7. What do you like more to read books or to watch TV? XIII. Different people enjoy reading for distinct reasons. You will read five people saying why they like reading novels.Which of them says that novels a) are good for improving language skills? b) make them forget their problems? c) add some adventure to their life? d) teach them how to act in certain situations? e) increase their knowledge of other cultures? Reading Novels Ricky Oh, I love novels, especially if they have a good plot. I started reading them when I was 12, encouraged by my parents who were hoping Id be a writer myself. As it happened, reading so much at an early age had an lay out on my studies, my compositions were always very good And I still read at least one novel a week.My own life isnt terribly exciting, apart from my work, which is very interest ing, nothing much happens. In the novels I read theres always a lot going on, tons of thrilling events, and I can share in the experiences and problems of the characters. Ella Well, I utilize to read only short stories. That changed when I moved to a new city and found myself in a job I didnt really enjoy. I would get back home at about 5p. m. , make some supper and sit down to read a novel for the rest of the evening. Many of them are pretty dumfounding stories, and not particularly well-written.Its not as if you can imagine yourself in any of those situations, but the thing is they take my mind off whatevers worrying me. Ive had long conversations about this with friends who think I should read better quality staff, but I know what Im doing. Sally Why I like reading novels? I remember as an adolescent, I used to read novels just so as to see how my favourite characters solved their problems. I thought I could then apply that to my own problems And Im not ashamed to say thats st ill the case, thats what Im looking for in the novels I read, and thats my reason for reading them.I always choose novels that are in a clear style, because I find complicated language difficult. And also I like the stories to be about countries and cultures I know well, because then I can understand the characters better. Tom I think reading novels is helping me a great deal in my studies, and although I havent got much spare time, I always make a point of reading a couple of hours in the evening. Im in my last year at secondary school, and frankly, reading novels is an excellent way of learning how people live in other countries, how they communicate with each other, what problems they have.Thats why I prefer novels with characters who are true to life, not the ones who have inconceivable adventures. Im very lucky because my best friend also likes reading and we can often discuss what weve both read. Alex I like reading novels because they help me develop the ability to write mys elf. I used to have real problems in producing a good piece of writing. It wasnt that I lacked ideas, no, my teachers always said my compositions were interesting. But I couldnt get my tenses right. Thats where reading novels helped.I dont think you can learn much about other things from novels, because the situations are usually so unrealistic. Some people say thats OK, if your lifes boring, you need the excitement of fiction. Well, my lifes exciting enough, so thats not my problem. 1. Do you like to read novels? Why? 2. Do you think that reading makes a person intelligent? XIV. Comment on the following 1. A house looks gloomy and uncheerful without books. 2. If the book is worth reading it is worth buying. 3. Books and friends should be few and good.